Petroleum Geology
Petroleum geology is the study of the origin, natural occurrence, movement, gathering and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels, especially oil or petroleum. Petroleum geology involves sedimentology, the study of how sand, mud and clay are deposited. The major

• CASSEM
• Geochemistry
• Marine
• Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
• Structural Geology
• Paleontology and Biostratigraphy
• Seismology and Geophysics
• Plate Tectonics
• Paleogeography
• Geologic Maps
• Completion
• Source rock analysis
• Basin analysis
• Exploration stage
• Appraisal stage
• Production stage
• Reservoir analysis
• Wildcat

Geophysical Exploration
Geophysical Exploration is the application of the principles of Physics to the study of the subsurface, in search of hydrocarbon. Geophysical investigations of the interior of the earth involve taking measurements at or near earth’s surface that are influ

• Seismic surveying
• Remote sensing
• Gravity surveying
• Magnetic surveying

Hydraulic Fracturing
Hydraulic Fracturing is the process of pumping fluid into a wellbore at an injection rate that is too high for the formation to accept without breaking. During injection the resistance to flow in the formation increases, the pressure in the wellbore incre

• Increase the flow rate of oil from low-permeability reservoirs
• Increase the flow rate of oil from wells that have been damaged
• Connect the natural fractures in formation to the wellbore
• Decrease the pressure drop around the well to minimize sand production
• Enhance gravel-packing sand placement

Advance Drilling Technologies
Drilling is a unique mechanical process that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface by making a hole or bore into the earth’s surface. In geotechnical engineering, drilling fluid is used to aid the drilling of boreholes into

• Mechatronics Technology in Drilling Operations Used to Enhance Safety
• Horizontal Drilling
• Multilateral Drilling
• Extended Reach Drilling
• Complex Path Drilling
• Continuous Flight Auger CFA Drilling
• Cased continuous Flight Auger CCFA Drilling
• Sonic Drilling

Well Logging and Testing Techniques
Borehole logging is the preparation of creation a complete record (a well log) of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole, the acquired data is analyzed to broaden the information and increase the understanding of the hydrocarbon properties therein and characteristics of the underground reservoir where the hydrocarbons are trapped.

• Acoustic Logs
• Cement Bond Log
• Cross-Dipole Acoustic Log
• Caliper Log
• Chemical Logging
• Density Log
• Gamma Log
• Mud Logging
• Neutron Log
• Pressure Temperature Log
• Single-Well and Cross-Well Resistivity
• Spontaneous Potential Well Log
• Downhole Fluid Sampling
• Earth Tidal Analysis
• Flow Test
• Injectivity Test
• Static Temperature Survey
• Stress Test
• Tracer Testing
• Vertical Flowmeter Test

Petroleum Refinery
Petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas. Oil refineries are typi

• Fluid Catalytic Cracker
• Distillate hydrotreater
• Visbreaking Merox
• Vacuum distillation Continuous distillation
• Boiler plants Cooling towers