Cancer Stem Cells & Bio-markers

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells found within tumours or haematological cancers that have characteristics similar to normal stem cells, namely the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a specific cancer sample. CSCs are thus tumorigenic (tumorigenic), possibly in contrast to other non-tumorigenic cancer cells. Through the stem cell processes of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types, CSCs can generate tumours. Such cells are thought to persist as a distinct population in tumours, causing relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumours. A biomarker is defined as "a biological molecule found in blood, other bodily fluids, or a tissue that indicates a normal or abnormal process, or a condition or disease, such as cancer." A variety of factors can cause the changes, including germline or somatic mutations, transcriptional changes, and posttranslational modifications.

Organ- Specific Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases characterised by abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all lumps or tumours are cancerous; benign tumours are not considered cancer because they do not spread to other parts of the body. Human cancers are known to be over 100 different types.

• Breast Cancers
• Colon and Rectal Cancers
• Prostate Cancer
• Lung Cancers
• Thyroid Cancer
• Endometrial Cancers

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer epidemiology is the study of the distribution and risk factors for cancer development. Cancer epidemiology can be used to identify events that increase or decrease the incidence of cancer in specific populations. Cancer epidemiology is the study of the factors that affect cancer in order to infer possible trends and causes. Cancer epidemiology is the study of the causes of cancer as well as the identification and development of better treatments.

• Descriptive Studies
• Ecological Studies
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Analytical Studies

Cancer Screening and Diagnostics

Cancer screening tests seek to detect cancer before symptoms appear, when it may be easier to treat successfully. Screening tests assess a person's risk of developing a genetic condition. A good screening test is one that 

• Early detection of cancer 
• Reduces the likelihood that someone who is regularly screened will die from cancer. 
• Has more potential advantages than disadvantages

The risks of screening tests include bleeding or other physical damage, false-positive or false-negative test results, and overdiagnosis (the diagnosis of cancers that would not have caused problems and did not require treatment). Blood tests, medical histories, physical examinations, and other procedures may be used to aid in the diagnosis.

Targeted Cancer Therapy

Targeted medical care could be a style of cancer treatment that concentrate ons proteins that management however cancer cells grow, divide, and spread. It’s the inspiration of exactness medicine. As researchers learn a lot of regarding the deoxyribonucleic acid changes and proteins that drive cancer, they're higher ready to style treatments that target these proteins.

• Small-Molecule Drugs
• Monoclonal Antibodies

Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery and Development

The development of new anticancer agents is a lengthy process that includes acquiring new compounds, screening for antitumor activity, manufacturing and formulation, animal toxicology, and finally assessing the compound's toxicity and antitumor activity in humans. In the United States, drugs go through a lengthy development and approval process. Before any drug is prescribed to a patient, researchers ensure that it is both safe and effective in treating cancer. This process can take many years and a lot of money. The time it takes to develop and approve a drug from the time a researcher has an idea varies. A new drug is developed in three stages. Preclinical research is when a drug is discovered and tested for the first time.

Precision Cancer Medicine and Oncology

Aiming to provide patients with individualised care, Precision Cancer Medicine is an open access, peer-reviewed online magazine that covers a variety of topics in oncology, pathology, imaging, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, anesthesiology, nursing, and other related fields. Oncology, as a scientific field, is defined as the study of tumours and cancers. Onco denotes bulk, mass, or tumour, and -logy implies study in the word.

Paediatric Oncology

The study and treatment of cancer in children and young adults is known as paediatric oncology. Cancers that manifest in youngsters frequently differ from those that do so in adults. Tumors in children are not always treated the same as cancers in adults. A medical speciality devoted to treating children with cancer is called paediatric oncology. It's crucial to be aware that this knowledge is available and that many types of paediatric cancer can be successfully treated.

Cancer Nursing and Palliative Care

Palliative care is medical treatment designed to enhance the quality of life for people with serious or life-threatening illnesses, such cancer. Giving it with or without curative treatment is possible. A multidisciplinary team that includes doctors, nurses, registered dieticians, pharmacists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, chaplains, psychologists, and social workers may also include palliative care specialists. Together with the cancer care team, the palliative care team manages a patient's care and upholds the highest level of quality of life for them.