Title: Breathing: A Useful Tool That Reduce Stress

Abstract:

Breathing is an essential element for our survival and bodily activities. In this presentation we are looking at the benefits of deep breathing.  Respiration can be voluntary and involuntary and is controlled by cranial ( CN IX and CN X) and spinal (C3,4 and 5) nerves. Literature indicates a clear understanding of the adaptations and modifications that occur when subjects are exercising regularly. This adaptation of exercise has a potential for efficient gas exchange during physical activities as well as for the development of capillary networks in muscles and lungs. Deep Breathing is a relaxation technique where the focus is on deep inhalation hold for a few seconds before exhalation. It is uncommonly used by few psychologists for patients suffering from psychological disorders  such as anxiety and depression. Stress Management Therapies has been used for centuries in China and India under different forms of practice such as Tai Chi, Qi Gong, Yoga and meditation. So Deep breathing occurs when an individual is conscious of breathing and allows the time to partially control the gas exchange in the body. The implication of intercostal and diaphragm muscles, via phrenic nerve (C3, C4 and C5), are responsible of lungs expansion and increases the volume in the lungs, therefore reduce the pressure, and create an air movement from the outside toward the inside of the lungs. Stretch receptor allows vagal afferent pathway to moderate lung inflation also known as Hering-Breuer reflex.  The pontine Respiratory group, also named Pneumotaxic center has an inhibitory effect on the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG), specific to  inhalation . On the other hand, the apneustic center promotes inhalation and therefore activates DRG . Scientists suggest that Ventral Respiratory group (VRG) is mainly specific to the rhythm of respiratory rate and has neural communication with DRG that also involves the glossopharyngeal nerve, the cranial nerve IX. Heart baroreflex are sensitive to blood pressure and O2 concentration, has an influence in sympathetic and parasympathetic response via afferent vagal pathway therefore afferent aortic and carotid baroreflex are importantly implicated in breathing. Also, literature reveal a close link with aortic baroreflex and sympathetic response .

Biography:

Anthony Krishna Selim Maurin is a mind-body therapist, working in clinics for many years along with Chinese practitioner, Physiotherapist, exercise physiologist, psychotherapist and neuroscientist. Anthony is currently part of the management team at Histopath helping on the COVID-19 crisis with PCR testing at Sydney NSW, Australia. He Holds a Bachelor Degree in Biomedical Science (2016) with an extension in exercise physiology and sport psychology, a Diploma of Technical Science in Environmental Biology (2012) and is a certified professional remedial massage therapist (2018) and Dry Needler (2018).