Pre-clinical and clinical trails

Clinical trials allow drug testing for safety assessment in different population. Preclinical development referred as preclinical studies or nonclinical Studies, is a research stage carried at initial level of increasing accessibility and iterative testing and drug safety data are collected. Main goals of preclinical studies to determine the safe dose in first phase and evaluate the product safety profile. Product may include drugs, gene safety, and diagnostic tools.

Adverse drug reactions

Adverse drug reaction is a form of toxicity or increase drug effect which mainly occurs during efficient use. In US 3-7% hospitalization are due to ADRs. ADRs occur during 10-20% of hospitalizations, 10-20% of ADRs are severe. ADR’s showed no pharmacokinetic effects resulting in 0% death incidence till date. Suggested rate of 0.5 – 0.9% may be high because patient have some serious disorder. Severity and incidence vary through patients characteristic and through drug factors.

Good Pharmacovigilance practice

Good Pharmacovigilance practice and pharmacoepidemiology in risk management to increase the possibility of beneficial effects of drug and adverse effects in population maintain reporting practice to avoiding the major problems in risk management. Also concentrate to examine information by collecting drug effects, caused by medicine. Pharmacovigilance and clinical trial services should have Pharmacovigilance certification.

Drug Safety

Statistics is playing an important role in clinical research in regulatory submission. Adverse drug reactions report can also be considered for the regulatory submission. Pharmacovigilance process is achieved by ICH guidelines.

Quality assurance

Quality assurance is a process by which we can prevent the mistakes and defects in manufactured product. So that, when we are delivering the product customers does not face any problem

Prevalence of Potential Drugs

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and explain the characteristics of PDDIs in medical recommendation of hospitalized surgical patients. In this transverse study, we examine 370 medical prescriptions from the surgery unit of a Mexican public teaching hospital. The classification and identification of potential drug-drug interactions were performed with the Micromedex 2.0 electronic drug information database. Results were examined with illustrative statistics and we estimated OR (odds ratio) to determine associated risk factors.

Pharmaceutical sciences

The Pharmaceutical science is an extortionate scope of logical controls of revelation and advancement of newly developed medications and treatments. Pharmaceutical sciences includes the basic fundamental standards of physical and compound science, designing, organic chemistry, and science to see how to upgrade transference of medications to the body and make an interpretation of this coordinated comprehension into as good as ever treatments against human ailment.

Pharmacoepidemiology

Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the uses and effects of drugs in well-defined populations.To accomplish this study, pharmacoepidemiology borrows from both pharmacology and epidemiology. Thus, pharmacoepidemiology is the bridge between both pharmacology and epidemiology. Pharmacology is the study of the effect of drugs and clinical pharmacology is the study of effect of drugs on clinical humans. Part of the task of clinical pharmacology is to provide a risk benefit assessment by effects of drugs in patients:

• Doing the studies needed to provide an estimate of the probability of beneficial effects on populations,
• Or assessing the probability of adverse effects on populations.