Industrial microbiology
It deals with the use of the microbes in all the major industries including the dairy, food and beverage, leather, textiles industries. The techniques of fermentation are used for production of food and beverages.

• Principles of microbiology
• Microbes and microorganisms
• Fermentation and fermenters

Biomaterials
Biomaterials play an important role in medicine industry. It has wide applications in various fields like in dental applications, surgery, and drug delivery. It helps in restoring the functions and facilitates healing for people after injuries or diseases.

• Polymers
• Biology
• Biochemistry

Pharmaceutical biotechnology
Principles of biotechnology are applied for the designing and production of drugs. Analysis of products is done accordingly and then they are readily available.

• Medicinal Chemistry
• Analysis of drug designing and production
• Production of pharmaceutical products

Medical Biotechnology
It deals with the production of vaccines and medicines. Cell therapies and recombinant DNA methods are used for the purpose of production.

• Drug discovery
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Cell culture

Immunology
Immunology represents the strategies for health disorders , optimization of proteins and therapeutic purposes

• Protein production
• Molecular diagnostics
• Protein biochemistry

Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is one of the revolutionizing sectors in the industry of biotechnology. There have been developments of different genetic tools and products which are synthesized biologically.

• Molecular biology
• Tissue engineering
• CRISPR Technology

Genomics and proteomics
Genomics and proteomics is an interdisciplinary field. A genome is an arrangement of DNA that includes examination and sequencing of genomes. A proteome is an arrangement of proteins that are adjusted by a framework.

• Genomics
• Proteomics
• Metabolic studies

Animal Biotechnology
Animal biotechnology involves a utilization of creatures in form of clones and transgenic creatures. It facilitates production of new medicinal medications and different items.

• Animal cell culture
• Recombinant DNA
• Transgenic models

Plant biotechnology
Plant biotechnology involves the production of genetically modified crops through techniques of genetic engineering. This helps in increasing crop productivity and protection. Nutritional value and food processing values are also increased.

• GM crops production
• Plant tissue culture
• Genetic engineering of plants

Biofertilizers
Biofertilizers deals with an integrated nutrient management i.e. Nitrogen fixation. These help in improving crop fertility, nutrient level. Biofertilizers may also be used to improve the availability of phosphorous and nitrogen to crops.

• Soil management
• Biopesticides
• Agriculture

Food Biotechnology
Food biotechnology is one of the most advancing area .Genetically modified plants animals and yeast are used to produce enzymes for increasing taste, shell life, nutrition and quality of food. Different techniques of genetic engineering are used to produce the items

• Nutrition
• Enzyme technology
• Genetically modified food production

Environmental Biotechnology
Environmental biotechnology deals with the protection of environment by reducing the emission of pollutants. The different types of wastes are managed and disposal is done accordingly.

• Causes and effects of Pollution
• Environmental studies
• Waste management and disposal

Bioprocess engineering
Bioprocess engineering deals with the design and development of equipments for the manufacturing of products from biological materials. It has a wide range of applications in the various sectors of industries.

• Chemical engineering
• Transfer operations
• Process and instrumentation

Marine Biotechnology
Marine Biotechnology is one of the most evolving fields and supports new innovations in the different sectors starting from medicines to foods. It has wide applications. Algae and micro algae are used to produce the products.

• Aquatic environmental studies
• Industrial applications
• Molecular Biology

Synthetic biotechnology
Synthetic biotechnology is an integration of innovations in biology and computer science .This has a wide range of applications in industrial areas and the products which are formed are of great useful.

• Metabolic engineering
• Genetics
• Life science

Nanobiotechnology
Nanobiotechnology include application of nanodevices and other instruments. With the help of these devices and instruments, there have been a lot of advances in the field of medical sciences and research areas.

• Nanoparticles
• Nanobiosensors
• Lipid nanotechnology

Bioenergy
Bioenergy offer a solution for the production of renewable energy from biodegradable sources. It minimizes the emission of greenhouse gases and helps in the growth of the agricultural industry.

• Biofuels
• Biorenewables
• Biorefineries

Bio-Safety and Bioethics
It deals with the ethical issues and safety issues related to the working with microorganisms, cloning, transgenic organisms and also genetically modified organisms.

• Bioethics issues
• Biosafety
• Cloning and transgenic organisms

Industrial biotechnology tools and applications
Industrial biotechnology is advancing and a rapid growing field. It involves the use of enzymes and microorganisms to produce chemicals from renewable sources with reduced energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation.

• Protein engineering
• Bioreactors
• Nano technologies

Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field science and bioinformatics .It is a combination of mathematics,statistics,biology and computer science. It helps in developing software tools for analysing biological data. Bioinformatics is an advancing field and has a wide rage of applications.

• Animal bioinformatics
• Plant bioinformatics
• Studies on drug analysis