Microbiology

Microbiology is the scientific study of organisms which are too small to be seen through naked eyes. It can be bacteria, virus, fungi, archae, protozoans etc. Although many microorganisms are beneficial. There are many others which can cause infectious diseases and are characterized under pathogenic microorganisms. Microbiology is a vast term which consists of Bacteriology, Mycology, Virology, Immunology, Nematology, Parasitology, Phycology etc. Microbiology made it possible to identify the mode of action of microorganisms causing diseases and their suitable cures.

Rare, Neglected & Tropical Infectious Diseases

Neglected tropical sicknesses (NTDs) are a miscellaneous collection of tropical contaminations which are particularly common in low-income inhabitants in emerging regions of Africa, Asia, and America. They are instigated by a variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. These diseases are distinguished with big three diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria), which usually receive better treatment and investigation funding. In sub-Saharan Africa, the consequence of these diseases as a group is like tuberculosis and malaria. Neglected tropical sicknesses co-infection can also make HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis deadlier.

Industrial Microbiology & Microbial Biotechnology

Industrial microbiology is primarily associated with the commercial exploitation of microorganisms. Microorganisms are used in industrial processes and products that are of major economic, environmental and expressive consequentiality throughout the world. The process which takes place with the help of microorganisms are called fermentation processes. The bi-products of the fermentation processes are  intracellular and extracellular enzymes. They are used in effluent industry to degenerate contaminants. Oil spills which make use of the bacteria to clean the oil.

Clinical Microbiology

Clinical Microbiology has continuously been well-represented at  Microbiology Conference , Gatherings and will proceed to be so at Microbiology-2021. Careful scope of the science of anti-microbial helplessness testing: unused conventions, modern medicate boards, unused drugs within the pipeline, and unused life forms to test are among the foremost critical portion of the track. Sessions in this track will moreover profound jump into testing and treatment of all clinically critical organism with developing incidence.

Food Microbiology

Exciting improvements in Food Microbiology has been the accessibility and application of atomic examinations that have permitted researchers to address microbial nourishment security questions past only deciding whether specific pathogens are in a nourishment. Such atomic instruments are moreover making it conceivable to more completely decide the microflora display in nourishments along side pathogens, and to evaluate the impact that the nourishment microbiota has on the passing, survival, and pathogenicity of nourishment borne pathogens.

Medical Microbiology

Medical microbiology, the expansive subset of microbiology that's applied to medicine, may be a department of medical science concerned with the avoidance, conclusion and treatment of infectious illnesses. In expansion, this field of science thinks about different clinical applications of organisms for the advancement of wellbeing. There are four sorts of microorganisms that cause irresistible infection: microbes, organisms, parasites and infections.

Veterinary Microbiology

Containing the most recent data on Pathogenesis and Determination, Veterinary Microbiology addresses both particular, characterized issues, as well as patterns in host/parasite interaction. This session may be a total reference on microbial science, illnesses, conclusion, anticipation, and control. Too establishment of information on pathogens and how they connected.

Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance

Anti-microbial are the essential medication utilized to treat subterranean insect bacterial disease. These days microscopic organisms are getting safe to anti-microbial which comes about in no remedy, a few microbes are indeed getting safe to more than one anti-microbial called as different sedate resistant(MDR) microscopic organisms. The more we utilize anti-microbial, the more safe microbes ended up. With anti-microbial resistance on the development, expanding numbers of individuals pass on each year of diseases caused by microscopic organisms . We can talk about how to replace the antibiotics to reduce the death rate .

Infectious diseases

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Some infectious diseases can be passed from person to person while some are transmitted by insects or other animals. Each infectious disease has its own specific signs and specific symptoms. Most infectious diseases have only minor complications while some infections like pneumonia, AIDS and meningitis can become life-threatening.

Clinical research

Clinical research refers to the research carried out on humans. It mainly focuses on enhancing knowledge of diseases, developing diagnostic methods and new treatments or medical devices to ensure better patient care. It is very framed and respects a precise study protocol and is performed only under certain conditions. Clinical research includes clinical trials, which involves testing of new treatments for a disease, and natural history studies, which collect health information to understand how a disease develops and progresses over time. Clinical research is conducted at academic medical centers and affiliated research study sites. The clinical research ecosystem involves a complex network of sites, companies (pharmaceutical) and academic research institutions and this has led to a growing field of technologies used for managing the data and operational factors of clinical research.

Virology

Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents, including their taxonomy, disease-producing properties, cultivation and genetics. It is usually considered a part of microbiology or pathology. Viruses became tools for probing basic biochemical processes of cells. Viruses are often classified according to the host cell they infect: animal viruses, plant viruses, fungal viruses, and bacteriophages. Other classification is predicated on the geometrical shape of their capsid (often a helix or an icosahedron) or the virus's structure (presence or absence of a lipid envelope). Viruses cause many infectious diseases, among which the common cold, influenza, rabies, measles, many forms of diarrhea, hepatitis, dengue fever, smallpox and AIDS.

Microbial Genetics

It is a branch of genetics concerned with the transmission of hereditary characters in microorganisms. The studies of microorganisms involve studies of genotype as well as expression system. Microbial genetics provides powerful tools for deciphering the regulation, as well as the functional and pathway organization, of cellular processes. This involves identifying the regulatory genes and sites that control individual gene expression, as well as determining which genes are coregulated and thus likely to participate in the same process. Short generation time, haploid genome, ease of culturing, and their abundance facilitate these studies.

Bacterial and Fungal Infectious Diseases

A bacterial infection is a proliferation of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body. Bacteria can infect any area of the human body. Pneumonia and food poisoning are just a few illnesses that may be caused by harmful bacteria. Bacteria occur in three basic shapes: rod-shaped, spherical, or helical. Bacteria is additionally classified as gram-positive or gram-negative. Fungal infections represent the invasion of tissues by one or more species of fungi and they range from superficial, localized skin conditions to deeper tissue infections to serious lung, blood or systemic diseases. Types of fungi include molds, yeasts, and mushrooms. Fungi can cause different types of illnesses, including:

• Asthma or allergies.
• Rashes or infections on the skin and nails
• Lung infections with symptoms similar to the flu or tuberculosis
• Bloodstream infections
• Meningitis

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are research studies performed in people that are aimed at evaluating a medical, surgical, or behavioral intervention. Clinical trials must be approved before they can start. Every clinical trial follows a protocol that describes what type of individuals may participate in the trial; outlines the exact schedule of tests, procedures, medications, and/or dosages involved in the trial; and specifies the length of the study. Each trial has specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine the exact patient populations that may participate in the trial. Inclusion criteria may be based on age, gender, underlying disease and health history. Clinical trials are divided down into phases, with each phase having a different purpose within the trial. Phase I trials involve a small group of people (20-80) and Phase II trials involve 100-300 people for further evaluation.

Water Borne Diseases

Waterborne diseases are caused by a variety of microorganisms, biotoxins, and toxic contaminants, which lead to devastating illnesses such as cholera, schistosomiasis and other gastrointestinal problems. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. The germs in the faeces can cause the diseases by even slight contact. This contamination may occur due to floodwaters, septic fields, and sewer pipes. Diarrhea and vomiting are the most reported symptoms of waterborne illness. Malaria transmission is facilitated when large numbers of people sleep outdoors or sleep in houses that have no protection against invading mosquitoes. Malaria mosquitoes, tropical black flies, and bilharzias snails can be controlled with efficient drainage system because they all depend on water to complete their life cycles. Clean water is a pre-requisite for reducing the spread of water-borne diseases among the humans.  

Prevention, Control and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

We can prevent the spread of infectious diseases by washing hands regularly, using antibiotics sensibly, avoiding drinking of contaminated water, controlling vectors of infection. Getting vaccinated. Bacterial infections are usually treated using antibiotics while viral infections are usually treated with therapies like rest and increased fluid intake. Vaccines are available to prevent many common infectious diseases, including hepatitis, diphtheria, influenza. Antivirals, antifungals and antiparasitics are used to treat specific diseases.