Keynote Forum
Henryk Kalisz
Manchester UniversityTitle: Accelerated molecular dynamics simulation, functional sequence space clustering and experimentally guided machine learning as an integrated tool for the customization of enzyme performance for defined industrial applications
Abstract:
Enzymes play an important role in a wide range of industries, such as food and feed, agriculture, personal care, textiles, laundry detergents, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Some examples where enzymes are crucial include cheese manufacture, beer and wine making, baking bread, fruit juice extraction and clarification, leather tanning and more recently in the production of biofuels and biopolymers1,2. Further, due to their high enantio- and regio-selectivity, leading to higher yields of the required enantiomer, enzymes are increasingly used in fine chemical synthesis and in the production of chiral pharmaceutical intermediates and APIs.
The enzymes used for various industrial applications can be harvested from microbial sources or they can be customized for a defined industrial application and overexpressed in heterologous hosts such as bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. This type of enzyme engineering is a powerful way to obtain large amounts of a customized enzyme to replace traditional chemical processes3.
The enormous progress made in recent years in this area is based on new approaches for the screening and identification of novel enzymes, on the development of various protein engineering methods to tailor enzymes with the defined or novel properties, and on the availability of sequence and structural data on a wide range of enzymes that give rise to powerful new machine learning approaches. One recently developed technology making an important contribution to the discovery of novel proteins and engineering of customised enzymes for defined industrial applications involves the application of a proprietary enzyme design platform overcoming key efficiency bottlenecks in statistical structure-dynamics analysis4 and enabling the streamlined functional clustering of protein sequence space. This powerful technique allows the fast and reliable identification and subsequent engineering of hotspots in a protein, resulting in a rapid and inexpensive improvement of enzyme properties, such as chirality, catalytic activity, stability, substrate specificity, stereoselectivity. Further, this technology can apply function to sequences during enzyme discovery, thereby enabling the identification of protein homologues with potentially better properties than the target enzyme and provides outstanding opportunities for the selection and subsequent design of industrial enzymes with the desired properties. This presentation seeks to provide a description of this enzyme design technology in the discovery and design of customized enzymes.
Biography:
Henryk Kalisz obtained his PhD in Biochemistry at Manchester University, having published over 60 papers in reputed scientific journals. He has over 30 years of experience in industrial enzymology and biotechnology. After his PhD, he worked as a postdoctorate at the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, before taking up a senior scientist role at the National Research Institute (Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung) in Braunschweig, Germany. He subsequently worked as Head of Biochemistry at Pharmacia, Nerviano, Italy, and as Chief Scientific Officer at Eucodis Bioscience in Vienna, Austria. Since October 2011 he has been applying his expertise in industrial enzymology as a consultant and independent representative to provide scientific and technological advice and assistance to various Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals organizations.
Elisa Bona
ItalyTitle: Microbiota of the rhizosphere of native plants from desert areas of north-central Algeria
Abstract:
Intensive land use and increased industrial emissions of greenhouse effect pollutants have caused a negative impact on non-renewable natural resources such as the soil itself [1-2]. The desertification process represents the main cause of the impoverishment of ecosystems in terms of productivity and biodiversity. To date, arid lands represent 45% of the earth's surface and are continuously increasing [3]. Water loss and poor agricultural management cause soil salinization [4]. The adaptation of agriculture to soils subject to water and salt stress is a topic of great interest for scientific research. Rhizosphere microorganisms play a central role in survival and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Each plant builds its own specific microbiota, which will be different in relation to the type of soil, the environmental components and its genetics. The study of microbial communities associated with plants living in desert soils can provide new information for stress prevention. However, the enormous diversity of microorganisms in the soil, the multiple relationships they establish with the environment, the impossibility of cultivating many species and the lack of identification methods with adequate specificity and sensitivity, make the rhizosphere one of the most difficult habitats to analyze. With the advent of metagenomics, which allows genome sequencing, it was possible to characterize microbial populations.
The aim of this work is to study the composition of the microbiota associated with indigenous plants of Algeria (Cleome arabica, Reseda villosa, Arthrophytum scoparium, Astragalus armatus, Retama raetam, Salsola tetragona, Atriplex halimus, Peganum harmala, Suaeda fruticosa and Thymelaea microphylla), to then identify the potential PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria) and produce biostimulants to be applied to crops sensitive to water and salt stress. Following the sampling of the rhizosphere, DNA was extracted and the library was built. Using the NGS technology, which uses the 16S ribosomal RNA gene as target, amplicons were sequenced. The data analysis was performed using MicrobAT, Microbiome Analyst and StatView4.5 software. The results obtained agree with many other studies [5-10] and demonstrate a low bacterial biodiversity. The desert soils are very dry, low in nutrients, generally have a basic pH, higher than other biomes and the lack of plant biomass reduces the inputs of organic carbon useful for bacterial metabolism. The greater the amount of organic matter, the greater the stability and diversity of the microbiota [11]. All these characteristics explain the low bacterial diversity and abundance of our samples. Among the most represented phyla, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, include species classified as PGPR in all cultivated soils. Sequences assigned to Bacillus, Streptomyces and Pseudomonas genera normally present in most of the soils, occurred with percentages between one and zero. Since only few microbial species can survive in the desert, the shape of the microbial community is driven more by resistance to abiotic stress than by competition. This explains the low prevalence of species usually implicated in biocontrol such as Bacillus, Streptomyces and Pseudomonas. To arrive at the production of biostimulants, further studies are needed, including the tests of functional activities and the isolation of culturable PGPR.
Biography:
Dr. Elisa Bona. Researcher in Microbiology at the Università del Piemonte Orientale. She holds a Specialization degree in Microbiology and Virology (2010) at the Università di Genoa and a Ph.D. (2006) in Environmental Science at the Università del Piemonte Orientale. She is teacher in different courses at UPO University: since 2015, Professor of General Microbiology, Professor of Diagnostic in Microbiology. (AA 2013-2014) Professor of Environmental Microbiology and Professor of Agri-Environmental Microbiology
Oleg Reva
southafricaTitle: Mechanisms of induction of antibiotic resistance reversion through epigenetic modification of bacterial DNA caused by iodine-containing nano-molecular complexes
Abstract:
Wide distribution of antibiotic resistant infections is a global challenge to public health. Pre-treatment of drug resistant bacteria with newly developed iodine-containing complex FS-1 makes them sensitive to regular antibiotics. This phenomenon was demonstrated in vitro and in clinical trials on multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Possible mechanisms of drug resistance reversion were studied experimentally and by deep DNA and RNA sequencing using PacBio and IonTorrent technologies on two reference strains – MRSA S. aureus ATCC BAA-39TM and ESBL E. coli ATCC BAA-196TM. In both cases, a stable reversion to antibiotic sensitive phenotype was achieved associated with alterations in gene expression patterns reflecting a general oxidative stress and deregulation of drug resistance mechanisms. The latter effect correlated with observed abnormalities in epigenetic modifications of bacterial chromosomes compared to control conditions. Epigenetic patterning of sequenced chromosomes was performed using the SMRT base-call kinetics analysis in PacBio reads. The most dramatic changes were observed in the level of methylation of chromosomal architecture imparting sequences (AIMS) orchestrating the DNA replication and reparation in bacteria. Moreover, a significant increase in number of modified, putatively oxidized nucleotides was observed. It was shown with a statistical reliability that the abnormal modifications of nucleotides within bodies of genes encoding for ncRNA in S. aureus do correlate with the observed alterations in the expression of these top level regulatory elements that deregulate the general gene expression in the affected bacteria. Discovered mechanisms of drug resistance reversion provide us with new approaches to overcome drug resistance problem.
Keywords: drug resistance, epigenetics, PacBio sequencing, RNA sequencing, FS-1
Yacob Mathai
IndiaTitle: neurons decreases and C neurons increases in fever?
Abstract:
All treatments for fever are based on the belief that fits is the result of 41 degree Celsius temperature and it damages cells of brain and body. At the same time there is no evidence based tests or concrete diagnosing methods to the belief that fits and brain damage is the result of pyrexia [1].
Necessary ingredients to destroy brain cells and fits cannot be seen in fever.In pyrexia or absence of fever a fainted patient fell on the floor with unconscious state and destroy cells of brain, and necessary ingredients to become conscious are same.
When disease increases essential blood circulation and energy level also decreases. The vertical height between heart and brain is more than one feet. When the disease becomes severe, ability to pump the blood to the brain decreases. As a result of this brain cells are damaged. so the patient might be paralyzed or may even die.
In pyrexia or absence of fever, when blood flow to the brain decreases and fits are formed. There is no other way than this to increase blood circulation to the brain.It is a sensible and discreet action of brain to protect the life or organ.
Recovery from Fits.
The patient become conscious before the time to get decreasing the temperature of fever. When the fainted patient lie on the floor, the vertical height between heart and brain is decreased, blood circulation increased to brain.
Self checking methods.
When the fainted patient lie on the floor,The patient can stand straight and lie on bed alternatively.Then the patient can experience himself the intensity of blood circulation.T he patient can experience when he stand his blood circulation decreases and when lie on the bed the blood circulation decreases.Besides that he can also experience increased blood circulation when lie on the bed raise the foot higher than head.
Biography:
A practicing physician in the field of healthcare in the state of Kerala in India for the last 30 years and very much interested in basic research. My interest is spread across the fever , inflammation and back pain,. I am a writer. I already printed and published nine books in these subjects. I wrote hundreds of articles in various magazines.
Eleonora Carota
University of Tuscia ItalyTitle: Technology and Biotechnology
Biography:
Eleonora Carota has completed her PhD course in Science, Technology and Biotechnology for Sustainability at the University of Tuscia (Viterbo) in 2017 with a thesis concerning microbial oil production from yeasts and molds. She is actually a postdoc researcher at the “Environmental and Applied Microbiology” laboratory (University of Tuscia), headed by Prof. Maurizio Petruccioli. Her main lines of research concern the production of microbial compounds of industrial interest and the bioremediation of waters and soils contaminated by heavy metals by means of microorganisms.
farihaaltaaf
PakistanTitle: Seroprevalence of Bluetongue virus originating among camels from southern Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract:
Bluetongue (BT), caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) is a vector-borne disease of small ruminants such as sheep, goat and also persist in camels. Bluetongue (BT) disease has a prospective to spread across borders. In spite of large number of populations of susceptible animals and borders with BTV endemic countries, scant is known of disease implication and prevalent serotype in southern Punjab province in Pakistan. We escort a cross-sectional study to determine seroprevalence of bluetongue virus in selected districts of southern Punjab using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (cELISA). Sera (n = 992) were collected from clinically healthy and non-healthy camels originating from the districts of Bahawalpur (n = 30), Dera Ghazi Khan (n = 207), Multan (n = 100), Muzaffargarh (n = 17), Rahim Yar Khan (n = 255), Rajanpur (n = 152), Taunsa (n = 231). At the individual level, the overall prevalence of BTV was 68% (n = 697/992, 95% CI = 33.11- 38.72%). A higher percentage of seroprevalence was seen in district Muzaffargarh 100% (n = 17/17). Odd ratios of seroprevalence for camels were associated with age type (ᵡ² = 139.59, p = .00), body condition (ᵡ² = 40.61, p = .00), breed (ᵡ² = 19.61, p = .00), feeding status (ᵡ² = 7.96, p = 0.19), farming status (ᵡ² = 24.49, p = .00), Education status (ᵡ² = 11.68, p = .00), pregnancy status (ᵡ² = 21.80, p .00). All the risk factors were significant and contribute towards the presence of BT disease. To the best of our knowledge, this study that has been conducted in southern Punjab province and the results of this study designate to instigate intrusion strategies to control the BT disease burden but not only in the area of Pakistan but also in in neighboring countries to whom Pakistan share
Biography:
I am Fariha Altaaf young research in the field of Microbiology belong to Pakistan. I have a passion and learn new expertise in evaluation in improving the health and wellbeing. I am very passionate and hardworking to create new pathways for improving healthcare. I have done this research and built this model after years of experience in microbiology research, evaluation, teaching and administration both from hospital and education institutions. The methodology in this research includes competitive ELISA that illustrates, seroprevalence and association of risk factors. It allows for value-pluralism. This research along this methodology reveals the presence of BT virus that is transmitted from one region to another and still transmitting. I also done a research in bacteriology section that was a project work on Streptococcus pneumoniae from Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). I am very hardworking and keen towards my fieldwork. In my future I would like to be work as Microbiologist definitely.
DrElHadji seydou Mbaye
FranceTitle: Human Papillomavirus Infection in genital Women in four regions of Senegal
Biography:
Dr. El Hadji Seydou Mbaye was born in 1978 in Kaolack a region of Senegal. During 2008-2013, he earned his PhD in Biology and Human Pathologies with the collaboration of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) /WHO, Lyon (France); 2006-2007 : Master of Life and Health, Specialty Biology of microorganisms, Virology in Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg (France); 2005-2006 : Master of Life and Health, option of Immuno-physiopathology in Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg (France); 2004-2005 : License of Biochemistry in Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg (France); 2002-2004 : General Degree in Sciences and Technologies in University of METZ (France).
He was certified by the Federation International of Gynecology Obstetrics (FIGO), the Accreditation Council of Oncology in Europe (ACOE, www.acoe.be), the Institute Catalan of Oncology (ICO) for cervical cancer prevention (Grade 10/10) in support of Continuing Medical Education for physicians. These credits are also recognized as Physician’s Recognition Award (AMA PRA Category 1 credits) by the American Medical Association. He was certified, by the United Nations for Basic Notion of Security on the Ground-Protection, Health and behavior, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/World Health Organization, Lyon (France) for Safety Certificate. He has published 1 Book with a style of philosophical story. Author of the world program against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, he is lead author (first listed) of more than 90 peer-reviewed research articles published in reputed journals. He is Review Board Member of Acta Scientific Medical Sciences (ASMS), Acta Scientific Microbiology (ASMI), Research and Reviews on Healthcare: Open Access Journal (RRHOAJ), and Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences (JMMS), Modern Journal of Medicine and Biology (MJMB), EC Microbiology, International Journal of Clinical Virology (IJCV), Acta Scientific Cancer Biology (ASCB), BioMed Research Journal (BMRJ), Journal of Medicine and Biology (JMB), Biomedical Research, International journal of vaccines and technologies (IJVT), Journal of Surgery, Operative Techniques and Anaesthesia (JSOTA), Current Research in Bioengineering & Biomedical Sciences (CRBBS), Journal of Women's Health, Gynecology & Obstetrics (JWHGO), Trauma & Emergency Care journal, Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion (JCMRO), International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy (IJCPP), Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (JCMID), Journal of Retro Virology and Anti Retro Virology (JRVAV), Journal of Antivirals and Antiretrovirals, Research and Reports in Immunology (RRI), Journal of Medical Case Reports and Reviews (JMCRR), Pyrex Journal of Biomedical Research (PJBR), Advances in Immunology and Microbiology (ADIM), Current Scientific Research in Biomedical Sciences (CSRBS), Journal of Clinical & Experimental Immunology (JCEI), Journal of AIDS and HIV Treatment, Edelweiss Journal of AIDS, Journal of HIV and AIDS, Journal of HIV and AIDS Research, Associate Editors for Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access (JBMOA), Pediatrics & Neonatal Biology Open Access (PNBOA). Immune & Autoimmune Disorders Journal (IADJ), Annals of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (AABSc) and associate membership of the World Society for Virology, and also, member of BCNet International Working Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/World Health Organization (WHO). Dr MBAYE has formed for free, more than 250 healthcare professionals for the techniques of cervical cancer screening in Senegal. He has appeared on local media, 2S TV, Mbour TV and Leeral.net
Mr Haftay Abraha Tadese
EthiopiaTitle: Prevalence, Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors for Salmonella
Abstract:
Salmonella species and Escherichia coli are important food borne pathogens affecting humans and animals. They are among the most important causes of infection that are associated with the consumption of contaminated food. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors for Salmonella species and E. coli in raw meat from butchery houses of Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2019. Socio-demographic data and risk factors were collected using predesigned questionnaire. Meat samples were collected aseptically from the butchery houses and transported using ice box to Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Sciences for the isolation and identification of Salmonella species and E. coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Kirby disc diffusion method. Data obtained were cleaned and entered in to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 and logistic regression models with odds ratio were calculated. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: A total 153 out of 384 (39.8%) of the meat specimens were found to be contaminated. The contamination of Salmonella species and E. coli were 15.6% (n=60) and 20.8%) (n=80), respectivey. Mixed contamination (Salmonella species and E. coli) was observed in 13 (3.4 %) of the analyzed. Poor washing hands regularly (AOR = 8.37; 95% CI: 2.75-25.50) and not using gloves during meat handling (AOR=11. 28; 95% CI: (4.69-27.10) were associated with an overall bacterial contamination about 95.5% of the tested isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and norfloxacine while resistance of amoxyclav_amoxicillin and erythromycin were both isolated bacteria species. The overall multi drug resistance pattern for Salmonella and E. coli were 51.4% (n=19) and 31.8% (14), respectively.
Conclusion: Of the 153 (153/384) contaminated raw meat, 60 (15.6%) and 80 (20.8%) were contaminated by Salmonella species and E. coli, respectively. Poor hand washing practice and not using glove during meat handling showed significant association with bacterial
contamination. Multidrug
