Title: Clinical pharmacy importance and role of clinical Pharmacists in treatment

Abstract:

Clinical pharmacy services are firmly established in many countries. Based on the Best Practice of developed countries clinical pharmacy associated with reduced adverse drug events, medication errors, patients’ length of stay, mortality rates, and costs. A core element of clinical pharmacy is to influence rational prescribing and promote quality use of medicines. In the School of Health Sciences at the University of Georgia qualification work was conducted in 2019 under the Bachelor program of Healthcare Administration to identify barriers of development clinical pharmacy in Georgia. Various challenges were identified: Less knowledge in clinical subjects, less experience in patient counseling, respectively lack of clinically qualified pharmacists; poor pharmaceutical literacy among patients; less involvement in Public health programs, low salaries. While millions of people are in their homes in order to decrease the risk of transmission of the infection, pharmacists as a health workers are on the frontline against COVID-19. Once again revealed pharmacists’ different roles: disease prevention and infection control, adequate storage and drug supply, patient care and support professionals and patients, through one-to-one contact, telephone or video conference. The pharmacists' main responsibility was to provide drug information for healthcare professionals as well as patient counseling.

Biography:

Elza Nikoleishvili MD. PhD. has 13 years of experience in clinical pediatrics and more than 14 years of academic work. Last few years she continue pieces of training in medical education as a trainer and head of training programs. She is co-author of Scientific Concept: System Full Continuous Higher Educational programs” MEDEA” and “Health Care Plus’’ systematic full continuous educational program. They include the Doctoral program “Doc. MEDEA”; Postdoctoral Program “Post Doc MEDEA”; Habilitation Program: Hab. MEDEA”. Dr. Nikoleishvili Actively participates in national and international meetings and conferences

Title: General review about pharmacovigilance for herbal medicines

Abstract:

Herbal medicines provide an essential module of the fashion into alternative medicine. Popularity of using natural remedies is increasing due to people’s demand. For the purpose of health maintenance and disease treatments, these kinds of medicines have been used. There is a necessity to improve the usage of herbal products in modern medicine by standardization of herbal features. Herbal medicines composed of a plant or combination of several plants and some parts of them to meliorate the different kinds of diseases or injuries.

Biography:

Miss Mehrasa Nikandish, high GPA (4) and last year student in pharmacy department from university of Georgia, Tbilisi. I start doing research from 2018 with some abstracts and articles and participate in different international conferences as the speaker. Hopefully, I was selected as the best presenter in April 2021 with the topic of the overview of gastric bypass surgery and its side effects on general health which was held virtually by university of Georgia. Generally, I published two full review articles in the ESJ journal.

Title: Smo-Shh Agonist Purmorphamine Prevents Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in 8-OH-DPAT-Induced Experimental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Abstract:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by repetitive, unwanted thoughts and behavior due to abnormal neuronal corticostriatal-thalamocortical pathway and other neurochemical changes. Purmorphamine is a smoothened-sonic-hedgehog agonist that has a protective effect against many neurological diseases due to its role in maintaining functional connectivity during CNS development and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. As part of our current research, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of PUR against behavioral and neurochemical changes in 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Additionally, the effect of PUR was compared with the standard drug for OCD, i.e., fluvoxamine. The intra-dorsal raphe-nucleus injection of 8-OH-DPAT in rats for seven days significantly showed OCD-like repetitive and compulsive behavior along with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, as well as neurotransmitter imbalance. These alterations were dose-dependently attenuated by long-term purmorphamine treatment at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg i.p. In this study, we assessed the level of various neurochemical parameters in different biological samples, including brain homogenate, blood plasma, and CSF, to check the drug’s effect centrally and peripherally. These effects were comparable to the standard oral treatment with fluvoxamine at 10 mg/kg. However, when fluvoxamine was given in combination with purmorphamine, there was a more significant restoration of these alterations than the individual treatments with fluvoxamine and purmorphamine. All the above findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect of purmorphamine in OCD can be strong evidence for developing a new therapeutic target for treating and managing OCD.

Title: Dexmedetomidine in caudal anesthesia in children

Abstract:

Caudal anesthesia is one of the most popular, reliable and safe methods of pain relief in children and can provide pain relief for various surgical procedures below the navel. The main disadvantage of the caudal block is the short duration of action after a single injection. Increasing the duration of the caudal block with various adjuvants remains relevant to this day.

Purpose of the study: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the caudal use of dexmedetomidine in caudal anesthesia in children.

Research material and methods: The subject of the study was 46 children with physical status I and II class of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), aged 0 to 12 years, who underwent elective surgeries below the navel, such as hernia repair, orchiopexy, hypospadias repair, epispadias, etc. Written informed consent for anesthesia was obtained from the parents prior to the operation. Standard monitors such as electrocardiogram, pulse oximeter and non-invasive blood pressure (BP) were used. All children over 6 months of age were premedicated with midazolam 0.4 mg / kg orally 20-30 minutes before the start of the operation. In the presence of parents, children over the age of 6 months were injected intravenously with propofol at a dose of 2 mg / kg in a preoperative service, and the child was brought to the operating unit in a half-asleep state

Title: Quantitative profiling of N6-methyladenosine methylome at childhood Ph positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals a potential mechanism for transcriptional regulation and differential methylation pattern

Abstract:

m6A is the most common methylation modification of mRNA. Recent researches have revealed a critical role of m6A in tumorigenesis. ALL is the most common malignant tumor in children. We profile next-generation sequencing  in the bone marrow of childhood B-ALL at diagnosis. The results showed that the expression levels of FTO, METTL14 and YTHDF2  in ALL patients were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05) compared with control group. We found that m6A is a highly conserved modification of mRNA. The m6A modification sites have a typical consensus sequence RRACU. The m6A modification sites in B-ALL are enriched near the stop codons and within 3’UTR. GO analysis showed that the major molecular functions in these transcripts were responsible for molecule binding, transferase, transcription regulatory, and transferase activity. The cellular components were responsible for intracellular, nucleus and membrane-bounded organelle. The biological processes were responsible for metabolic process. The KEGG indicates that virus infection and type I interferons pathway are crucial. The versatile roles of m6A in childhood B-ALL is significant in mediating mRNA decay.

Title: Use of psychotropic drugs during the argentine quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract:

Background: Socio-economic crisis situations usually generate an increase in psychiatric pathologies. If we add the state of confinement due to quarantine, the picture can get even worse. The data were obtained from a region of Argentina and expressed as defined daily doses (DDD).

Methods: Descriptive observational study. Data were obtained from drug suppliers that provide medicines to community pharmacies. Finding was statistically analyzed by Chisquare test. the consumption measure is defined in DDD.

Results: During the semester from April to September 2020, they used 281,262 DDDs of psychotropic drugs, from October 2019 to March 2020 the amount was 264,486 DDDs and from April 2019 to September 2019 was 252,840 DDDs. Between all semesters there was an increase in the consumption of the four types of psychotropic drugs, although the increase during the quarantine was greater, almost double for antidepressants and hypnotics, not so for Antidepressants. Antipsychotics maintained a non-significant increase.

Conclusions: This work shows the increase in the use of psychotropic drugs during a period of socio-economic crisis that worsened with the quarantine by COVID-19.

Title: Stability of perindopril – important representative of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

Abstract:

Despite of the existence of many prevention programs, cardiovascular diseases remain a leading health problem in developed countries. The global reach of hypertension is constantly growing, it is estimated that in 2025 the number of hypertension patients will reach 1.5 billion. That means that every fifth person in the world has increased blood pressure, and every third in developed countries [1]. Due to such a wide perspective of the use of antihypertensive medicines, it is highly desirable to expand knowledge of used drugs used. A chemically stable molecule is one of the parameters that gives the drug the highest quality. For this reason, the stability of a drug in a solid phase is an extremely important step in the development of research on pharmacologically active compounds. Previous research work on the stability of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I)  has shown that compounds in this group are unstable, easily degrade under conditions of increased temperature and humidity [2-7].

Title: Correlation of clinical and laboratory aspects with the MT1A rs8052394 gene associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with hypertension.

Abstract:

The MT1A gene (Metallothionein 1A) is genomically located 16q13. Metallothioneins play a role in the metabolism of zinc and copper and may be involved in neutralized free radicals in protecting against reactive oxygen species. The rs8052394 polymorphism is associated with DM2, MS, OB, insulin resistance. The aim of the study is to test the association of the MT1A gene with MS in patients with hypertension based on clinical data, laboratory investigations and genetic methods. The study was performed on 37 subjects from hospital Giurgiu, 34 with hypertension and 3controls, based on clinical data: BMI, hypertension, sex and age, biochemical laboratory investigations: glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, uric acid, magnesium, Hba1c performed on the BS300. The MT1A rs80523994 gene is sequenced by the Advenced NGx test. The results were processed by Graph Pad Prism 7.0.3, MDR 3.0.2 and Matlab R2009b for artificial neural networks. It turns out that the genotype rs 8052394 has predominantly the genotypes of 20 homozygous and 9 heterozygous and 8 recessive who showed high levels of glucose and HbA1c concentrations are associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity, which may increase the risk of MS.

Biography:

Stanislav Alexandra Alina has completed his PhD at the age of 30 from the Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest. It has studied classical and modern methods of human genetics, biochemical and hematological laboratory investigations, clinical aspects, risk factors and bioinformatics methods. The dissertation was performed on the Department of Epigenetics studying Alzheimer's Disease and the genes associated with it and the license was performed at the Department of Microbiology of the same faculty studying Staphylococcus aureus.

Title: Importance of Pharmacovigilance and role of future Pharmacists in Karachi Pakistan

Abstract:

Adverse Drug Reactions associated morbidity and mortality are very common causes of patient hospitalization as all the medications have adverse effects even if used properly. Approximately 5-20% of hospital admissions occur because of the ADRs imposing a great financial problem on the health care systems. Pharmacovigilance has been considered as an essential constituent of pharmaceutical care by the regulatory bodies to warrant patient safety. Spontaneous reporting by the health care experts can contribute towards successful pharmacovigilance substantially. Pharmacists are the drug expert and are more likely to spot ADRs in comparison to other healthcare experts. They should have the proficiency and expertise to avoid, recognize and resolve medication-related complications and provide guidance to patients on rational use of medications.

Biography:

Dr. Fakhsheena Anjum PhD. has more than 16 years of academic experience and is head of Department of Pharmacy Practice at Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences. Since the past several years, she has been giving training in clinical research certified professional course as a certified trainer at DUHS. She has been the Program Director of e-prescription writing refresher course conducted successfully via platform of Dow University of Health Sciences in collaboration with Educast for out-of-practice female doctors in Pakistan. Dr. Fakhsheena Anjum actively participates in national and international meetings and conferences and has several international research papers on her credential.

Title: Piperine : A Potential Bioenhancer

Abstract:

Maximizing oral bioavailability is therapeutically important because the extent of bioavailability directly influences plasma concentrations and therapeutic efficacy after oral drug administration. Bioavailability of poor bioavailable drugs can be increased from the many available approaches in the literature and the most recent approach is the use of bioavailability enhancers. The use of bioenhancers seems to be a fruitful method for increasing bioavailability of an orally administered drug and nutraceutical. The chemical entities, which when mixed with drugs promote and augment their bioavailability without showing any synergistic effects with the drug are known as Bioenhancers.  They are capable of reducing factors such as toxicity, cost, poor bioavailability and long term administration of drugs. Piperine or 1-peperoyl piperidine a major pungent alkaloid derived from Piper species is found to be a bioenhancer against many drugs. It augments the bioavailability of several drugs like carbamazepine, curcumin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, metronidazole, oxytetracycline and many others by inhibiting various metabolizing enzymes. Piperine increases permeability at the site of absorption by modulating lipid environment and membrane dynamics. Piperine has a molecular structure that is suitable for enzyme inhibition. Thus piperine, being an efficacious inhibitor of drug metabolism is a powerful enhancer of absorption. This concept which is found to be beneficial, has its roots in Ayurveda-the traditional Indian system of medicine and has been applied to various drugs. Using piperine as bioenhancers provides a fine instance of the advantage of amalgamating a traditional system with contemporary medicine.

Biography:

Dr. Sunita Singh is an Assistant professor of Chemistry in the Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, University of Lucknow since 2019. She pursued her Ph.D. in the year 2015 on the topic, “Chemistry, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils and oleoresins of spices” from DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. She has awarded with Junior Research and senior research fellowships from University Grant Commission. She also worked as Research Assistant (2010-2011) on the project sponsored by CST “Chemistry, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of Oleoresins extracted from Cardamom, Black pepper and Caraway”.

Title: Toxicity due to Release and Accumulation of Pharmaceuticals and their Metabolites in the Global Environment: A Growing Concern!

Abstract:

Drugs are and an integral part of our daily lives and are used for our healthcare and well being but the extensive and uncontrolled usage of drugs under different classes such as antibiotics, analgesics, antipyretics, antidepressant, anticonvulsants, beta-blockers, steroids, antihypertensive etc. pose high environmental and human health hazards when released and accumulated in the global environment. Recently, accumulation of pharmaceuticals as emerging pollutants, intermediates and raw materials in environment has received great attention all over the world due to their frequent detection in aquatic environment as different group of organic contaminants. Still, there is a lack of awareness concerning pharmaceutical quantities and their metabolites, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), metabolism and transformation pathways, and their  nature; when passed in to the environment.

Title: Influence of physical activity as a non-pharmacological tool in the treatment of metabolic diseases

Abstract:

Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder represented by several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Physical activity can effect positive responses for the maintenance of the organism. Several studies show an association between physical activity and reduced hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases in adult individuals. In this sense, physical activity acts on the mechanisms of body adiposity reduction, blood pressure regulation and lipid profile homeostasis. The individual who practices physical activity regularly increases energy expenditure, muscle mass and cardiorespiratory capacity. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the relationship between the positive effects of physical activity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. The study was an integrative literature review that addressed publications between the years 2013 to 2022, through systematic searches using the Boolean operators "AND" in the PubMed and Scielo databases and the academic Google search engine with the descriptors physical activity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.

Biography:

Rander Junior Rosa is a physical education professional and biologist. They specialize in exercise physiology and in cellular and molecular biology. He is currently studying for a master's degree in health promotion at the University of Franca. He presented a summary on physical activity as a non-pharmacological tool in the treatment of metabolic diseases at the international conference on pharmacovigilance and drug safety.

Title: Drug Use Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin at Inpatient and Outpatient Departments of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar General Hospital and Jagol Hospital in Harar City

Abstract:

Background: Ciprofloxacin has been used for chemotherapy of bacterial infections over the years in Ethiopia. However, not much is known about the quality of its use regarding the appropriateness of clinical indication, dosage administered, dose frequency, duration and potential for interactions with multivalent cations Methods: A retrospective drug use evaluation was conducted based on patient prescription records (cross-sectional study) and standard treatment guidelines, which cover a one-year period. The sample size targeted to use was 400 prescriptions. The data were collected and checked for its clarity and compiled in the form of tables, percentages, and graphs. Results: From a total of 400 prescriptions, 56% of them were prescribed for females. Only 71(17.75%) have the diagnosis and the prescribed dose of ciprofloxacin was 500mg with BID based in generic form and frequently for seven days. From the total 75% of prescriptions contain drugs with ciprofloxacin. Mostly two drugs were prescribed with ciprofloxacin 42%. Frequently prescribed drug categories with ciprofloxacin were other Antibacterial which accounts for 121 (40.33%) and doxycycline was dominant.