Plant Genomics
Plant genomics is an inexorably imperative territory of science that has extended as of late because of the improvement of trend-setting innovations and strategies. A understanding of plant genomics is essential for cutting edge plant rearing and yield enhancement. A top to bottom information of plant genomics causes analysts to upgrade generation, present opposition or resistance to antagonistic conditions and enhance crops.

• Rice Genome
• Plant Research
• Regeneration pathways

Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is the growth of plant cells outside an intact plant. It depends on maintaining plant cells in aseptic conditions on a suitable nutrient medium. The culture can be supported as a mass of undifferentiated cells for an extended period of time, or regenerated into whole plants. . The dissimilar techniques used in plant tissue culture. Plant tissue culture is mostly used to produce clones of a plant in a procedure known as micro-propagation with different stages

• Techniques
• Choice of explant

Molecular Farming
The molecular farming is is a new technology that uses plants to produce large quantities of pharmaceutical substances such as vaccines and antibodies. It relies on the same method used to produce genetically modified crops the artificial introduction of genes into plants. Plants provide an inexpensive and simple system for the production of valuable recombinant proteins on large scale, and compared to the other production systems, they have numerous advantages in terms of economy, safety, and applicability.

Crop Improvement
Crop improvement refers to the genetic change of plants to satisfy human needs. In prehistory, human forebears in various parts of the world brought into growing a few hundred species from the hundreds of thousands available. In the process they transformed elements of these species into crops though genetic alterations that involved conscious and unconscious selection, the differential reproduction of variants.

Plant Biotechnology
Plant biotechnology is a set of techniques used to adapt plants for specific needs or opportunities. Situations that combine multiple needs and opportunities are common. For example, a single crop may be required to provide sustainable food and healthful nutrition, protection of the environment, and opportunities for jobs and income. Finding or developing suitable plants is typically a highly complex challenge. Plant biotechnology is a tool to help address the challenge of producing more food, and more nutritious food, more effectively than was previously possible.

• Sequenced plant genomes
• Plant Synthetic Biology
• Transgenic Plants
• Green Plant Biotechnology
• Micro propagation in Plants

Transgenic Breeding
Genetic improvement of crop plants, domestic animals and useful micro-organisms, through genetic engineering, in relation to their economic use for mankind is referred to as transgenic breeding. Plant breeding is an effective approach to lessen As uptake and magnify As sequestration in root tissues. Arsenic concentrations vary in different rice strains found worldwide. A cross between low As rice accessions and high As rice accessions revealed that 1/4th of the second generation rice plants had a remarkable decrease in As accumulation.

Plant Health and Nutrition
Nutrients are taken up by the fine root hairs, not by the big roots. The larger roots are used for supporting the tree and for storage of water and other plant food. The root hairs can also excrete liquids that affect the acidity of the soil (pH).Farmers use fertilizers to impart nutrients to plants either by application to the soil or to plant leaves. But when they are applied as a dry product directly in the field or as liquid fertilizer, loss of nitrogen occurs, depending on climatic conditions. To prevent this phenomenon and improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, we have developed innovative formulations for fertilizer protection based on urease and nitrification inhibitors.

Plant Entomology
The Plant Entomology is an integral part of the CELS mission to foster sustainability in Rhode Island’s human-impacted landscapes, including urban landscapes, recreational lands, natural lands, and farms.

Genetically modified plants
Genetically modified plants also called transgenic plants .Genetically modified plants can potentially affect many aspects of modern society, including agricultural production and medical treatment. Despite these possible applications, the use of Genetically modified plants for human welfare has been restricted owing to various concerns raised by the public and the critics.

plant Recombinant DNA
The great advantage of Plant recombinant DNA technology is that new combinations of genes are determined beforehand and, with skill and care, are precisely achieved. The process is also much quicker than conventional interbreeding and the sources of genetic material are much larger and less restricted by geographic or biological boundaries. As a result the plant breeder is no longer limited by the genetic variation that arises in traditional breeding plans.

Plant Breeding
Plant breeding is a method of altering the genetic design of plants to increase their value and benefits for human welfare. It is a purposeful control of plants to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yield and are disease resistant.

• Genetic Diversity
• Modern Plant Breeding Techniques
• Plant breeding in organic agriculture

Plant Pathology
Plant pathology refers the the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens and environmental conditions. These are called plant pathogens. Plant disease epidemiology is the study of disease in plant society. Molecular Plant Pathology describes how pathogens cause disease, including analysis of the molecular signalling between plant, pathogens and genes.

Plant Physiology
Plant physiology is the study of all essentials chemical and physical process occurring in plant. These are the sub discipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. Closely related fields include plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), crop physiology, plant cell biology, biophysics and plant stress physiology.

Plant and Animal Biotechnology
Animal Biotechnology provides new tools for improving human health and animal health and welfare and increasing livestock productivity. Many animals also help by helping as models of disease. If an animal gets a disease that's similar to humans, we can use that animal to test treatments. Animals are often used to help us understand how new drugs will work and whether or not they'll be safe for humans and effective in more disease.

Plant Reproduction
Plant Reproduction is generating the new individuals or generation in the plants, which can be known by Biogenetic proliferation or by sexual. This reproduction produces by the combination of gametes and brings out the hereditarily not quite the same. Biogenetic generation delivers the new generation without combination of gametes to the guardian plants. In seed plants, the spawn’s can be bundled in defensive seed, which is utilized as source dispersal.

Integrated Pest Management
IPM is founded on the idea that the first and most fundamental line of defence against pests and diseases in agriculture is a healthy agro-ecosystem, in which the biological processes that underpin production are protected, encouraged and enhanced. IPM incorporates several biological, ecological, physical and chemical strategies for controlling the pests’ problems. To minimize the toxicity of and exposure to any products which are used. It eliminates or mitigates economic and health damage caused by pestsminimizes the use of pesticides and the risk . It takes into account all relevant control tactics and methods that are locally available, evaluating their potential cost-effectiveness.

Plant development
Plant development encloses the growth and differentiation of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Plant development shares many comparability with developmental processes in animals, but the fact that plants are un movable photosynthetic organisms requires certain novel developmental processes in addition to the common ones.

Plant Clinical Genomics
The Plant Clinical genomic research in any species is to sequence the whole gnome and to decipher functions of all the different coding and non-coding sequences. The technology for large-scale DNA sequencing has enable scientists to undertake gnome sequencing project in a realistic time scale.

Plant Transcriptome
Plant Transcriptome is the set of all RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells. It differs from the exome in that it includes only those RNA molecules found in a specified cell population, and usually includes the amount of each RNA molecule in addition to the molecular identities.

plant phenotyping & Molecular Plant Sciences
Plant phenotyping is an emerging science that links genomics with plant economy of scale and planting. The utility plant body is formed during plant growth and development from the go getting communication between the genotype and the physical world in which plants develop. These interactions determine plant production and productivity measured as accumulated biomass and commercial yield and resource use efficiency.