Title: Long COVID-19 and Cardiopulmonary Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract:
Several previous studies hypothetically reported that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and obesity in persons older than 60 years were significantly rising. The effects of changes on the immune status and insulin secretion in patients with diabetes are still questionable, whereas several previous studies demonstrated trigger higher stress conditions of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) contributing to hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes.
Despite the increased risk of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction in early COVID-19 phase or in long COVID-19 phase after diabetes, diabetes alone is not related to an increased risk of respiratory infection, including COVID-19. Diabetes, diabetic traits, and diabetic blood proteins may have the most causal effect on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) expression, particularly, in the lung, thus, diabetes can trigger the risk of COVID-19 infection and increase chance of worst outcome in the long COVID-19 phase, and finally, COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus will have poor prognosis during long COVID-19 phase.
In conclusion, dyslipidemia, high serum levels of cholesterol, low serum levels of HDL, hypertension, and obesity with high expression of ACE 2 in adipose tissue, an epidemic of the last century in conjunction with COVID-19 pandemic, particularly, in the over-60-year-old population are the cardiopulmonary metabolic or cardiometabolic events that could contribute to the COVID-19 disease worsening both in the early and long COVID-19 phases. Treatment type of cardiopulmonary metabolic or cardiometabolic diseases or disorders did not impact the COVID-19 status, but non-treatment of these diseases or disorders could importantly increase COVID-19 incidence. Monitoring of the cardiopulmonary metabolic or cardiometabolic risk factors is urgently needed.
Biography:
Cheepsattayakorn graduated Doctor of Medicine from Chiang Mai Medical School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand in 1986. He then further had trained in Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, and Radiology at Chiang Mai University Medical School. Recently, on October 26, 2019, he was bestowed the Gold Medal Award (First-Class Award) from the Chiang Mai University Medical School Alumni Association in Chiang Mai, Thailand for his academic and medical practice excellence for cerebrating the 60th Anniversary of the Chiang Mai University Medical School, Chiang Mai, Thailand that was established on October 28, 1959. He graduated numerous Fellowships from the Royal Colleges of Physicians of Edinburgh, London and Thailand, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, American College of Physicians, and American College of Chest Physicians. Presently, he serves both Editor and Editorial Board Member and also referee of several international journals.
He has very high experience in the fields of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis including Infectious Diseases and Immunology. He has numerous scientific publications, more than 300 publications both in national and international journals and books, including authored textbook of COVID-19, “ Thailand’s and Global Perspectives of COVID-19 ”, both the United Kingdom version (361 pages, first edition published by the Medical and Research Publications in 2021) and the United States of America version (367 pages, second edition published by the Science and Education Publishing in 2022). He had been served as Pulmonologist and Senior Expert Level 11 (Highest Level-equivalent to Professor of Medicine Level 11), Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. He serves as Faculty Member of the Faculty of Medicine, Western University, Thailand.
Currently, he also serves the International Regional Adviser (Advisory Board) for Thailand of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, United Kingdom and the Reviewer for the journals of the Royal College of Physicians of London, United Kingdom. He was appointed the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)’s Advisor in 2021-2022. He was directly invited & proposed to the World Federation of United Nations Associations (WFUNA) Membership by the United Nations Former Secretary-General “ H.E. Ban Ki-Moon ”. Recently, he has been approved for the Membership of the WFUNA since 4 January 2022 (Ref. : UN-467-NYUN) and has been appointed the WFUNA Membership signed by the UN authorities (the UN Secretary-General, the UN President of the General Assembly, and the UN President of the Security Council) since January 15, 2022.