Skin Diseases

The Skin Diseases is an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin, characterized by papules or pustules or comedones. dermatosis. disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin (in which there is usually no inflammation) eczemacomplement, antibodies, and antimicrobial peptides. The skin holds an estimated 20 billion T cells! The diverse and functionally specialized components of the immune system sense and respond to infection or various barrier breaches to activate an immune response and eventually return to homeostasis . However, poorly regulated immune responses can also cause inflammatory skin disorders.  Skin infections result from inadequate immune control of colonising microbes. The skin is lined by many organisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses), and disturbances in the flora or the immune system’s response to these bugs can cause disease.

Skin Allergy

Allergy   is an exaggerated inflammatory response is mounted against a harmless substance. The most common skin allergies include eczema, hives/angioedema and contact dermatitis. Allergic skin disease occurs when the body’s immune system over-reacts to some offending substance. Substances to which animals are allergic ("allergens") produce additive effects, so the severity of the itchy skin lesions is a result of the summation of each allergen’s effect. The most common causes of allergic skin disease are inhalants (such as pollens, molds and house dust), foods and fleas. Inhalant allergies (called "atopy") and food allergies most commonly affect the face, ears, front of the forelegs, webbing between the toes of the front paws, belly, groin and armpits. Other factors which can exacerbate allergic skin disease include overly dry skin (for example, secondary to hypothyroidism), sub-optimal diet, flea infestation and  skin infections (for example, infected skin folds in heavily wrinkled dogs). Other causes of skin diseases, including parasites (e.g., mites), fungi (e.g., ringworm), autoimmune reactions and endocrine disorders, should be treated.

Dermatitis

Dermatitis has the symptoms of itching, reddening, scaling, and edematous papules, and the condition progresses in a specific inflammatory reaction pattern. Dermatitis is histopathologically characterized by intercellular edema called spongiosis, which can be caused by extrinsic factors, such as irritants or allergens, or by intrinsic factors, such as atopic diathesis. These factors interact in complex ways, and extrinsic and intrinsic factors are seen together in many cases.  If the cause is not identified, dermatitis may be called acute, subacute or chronic, depending on the clinical and pathological features. Dermatitis usually affects the face, elbows and knees.

Skin Diseases: Surgical Procedures

Dermatologic surgery is the practice of dermatology that specializes in surgical procedures and minimally invasive treatments to improve the health, function and appearance of your skin. Skin surgery is routinely performed by dermatologists and plastic surgeons, mostly using local anaesthesia.

Types of skin surgery include:

Skin biopsy (punch biopsy, shave biopsy, incisional biopsy and excision biopsy), Electrosurgery, Curettage and cautery, Wound closure, Flaps, Skin grafting, Mohs microscopically controlled excision (for difficult skin cancers), Cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen), Subcision, Excision of skin lesions, Nail matrix biopsy, Suturing, Curettage and cautery, Dermabrasion and microdermabrasion, Female genital cosmetic surgery, Liposuction, Mohs micrographic surgery, Risks and complications of skin surgery, Sentinel node biopsy, Skin grafting, Subcision, Vitiligo surgery and Wound closure.

Fungal/Yeast Skin Infections

These types of skin infections are caused by a fungus and are most likely to develop in damp areas of the body, such as the feet or armpit. Some fungal infections aren’t contagious, and these infections are typically non-life-threatening.

Different types of fungal infections:

• Athlete’s foot
• Yeast infection
• Ringworm
• Nail fungus
• Oral thrush
• Diaper rash

Skin Cancer

Skin development is the most broadly perceived of each and every human danger, with 1 million people on the planet. Malady happens when common cells experience a change and create and copy without conventional controls. Tumors overwhelm enveloping tissues by assaulting their space and taking the oxygen and enhancements they need to endure and work. There are differing sorts of skin tumor with different reactions and danger factors. A portion of these developments even appear on explicit pieces of the body even more consistently, making districts, for instance, the eyes, ears, and sanctuary more at peril

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin which are typically red, itchy, and scaly. There are five main types of psoriasis: plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic, whereas plaque psoriasis, also known as psoriasis vulgaris. Psoriasis is generally thought to be a genetic disease that is mainly caused by environmental factors. Plaque psoriasis typically appears as raised areas of inflamed skin covered with silvery-white scaly skin. These areas are called plaques and are most commonly found on the elbows, knees, scalp, and back. Psoriasis is characterized by an abnormally excessive and rapid growth of the epidermal layer of the skin. Abnormal production of skin cells and an overabundance of skin cells result from the sequence of pathological events in psoriasis. Psoriasis is generally thought to be a genetic disease that is triggered by environmental factors. There is no cure for psoriasis however various treatments can help control the symptoms. These treatments include steroid creams, vitamin D3 cream, ultraviolet light and immune system suppressing medications, such as methotrexate.

Acne and Scar Pigmentation

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), the dark spots or red spots that are left when disease of the skin lesions heal, develops once the inflammation inherent in disease of the skin lesions causes skin cells to provide a lot of melanin, the pigment that offers skin its color. An accrued quantity of animal pigment makes the skin seem darker. Hyperpigmentation scars are the results of several things. For instance, they have a tendency to occur when breaking the skin lesions or chicken pox. Once the initial lesion has cured, it will leave behind a dark spot on the skin, which can seem like a scar or acne. Thankfully, it isn't a scar, however it will take up to a year to fade out on its own that is why many of us would like to get rid of physiological state scars using other means to speed up the process.

Skin Burns and Related Cancer

Sunburn is a clear sign that the DNA in your skin cells has been broken by an excessive amount of ultraviolet light radiation. Getting sunburn, only once each two years, will triple your risk of skin cancer carcinoma. Sunburn doesn’t need to be raw, peeling or blistering. If your skin has gone pink or red within the sun, it’s sunburnt. For individuals with darker skin, it should simply feel irritated, tender or fidgety. Burns are one of the most common injuries, particularly among youngsters. The term “burn” means that over the burning sensation related to this injury. Burns area unit characterised by severe skin harm that causes the affected skin cells to die. Most people will live through burns while not serious health consequences, reckoning on the cause and degree of injury. More serious burns need immediate emergency medical aid to forestall complications and death.

Skin rejuvenation and Resurfacing Therapy

Photorejuvenation is a skin treatment that uses lasers, intense pulsed light, or photodynamic therapy to treat skin conditions and remove effects of photoaging such as wrinkles, spots, and textures. The process induces controlled wounds on the skin, prompting it to heal itself by creating new cells. This process reverses the signs of photoaging to a certain extent by removing appearances of damage.

Laser resurfacing is a laser surgery technique that disassociates molecular bonds. It is used for the treatment of wrinkles, solar lentigenes, sun damage, scarring (acne scars and surgical scars), stretch marks, actinic keratosis, and telangiectasias. It can be combined with liposuction to help tighten and smooth over the new contours after removal of excess fat. Resurfacing can be ablative, which vaporizes tissue and creates wounds, or non-ablative which keeps the skin intact. When compared to a chemical peel, dermabrasion or other forms of treatment, a laser allows the surgeon to customize the surgery not only for each patient but also to each area of the face.

New Techniques in Dermatology

In recent past the technical innovations in medical specialty is sort of promising and it'll take the analysis in medical specialty to a different level. A retrospective analysis of clinical studies conducted before and once the introduction of absorbent gelling materials confirms that utilization of those materials has been related to a marked reduction within the severity of eczema. recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid|deoxyribonucleic acid|desoxyribonucleic acid|DNA} (rDNA) molecules square measure DNA molecules shaped by laboratory strategies of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to pile up genetic material from multiple sources, making sequences that may not well be found within the order. Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid|deoxyribonucleic acid|desoxyribonucleic acid|DNA} is feasible as a result of DNA molecules from all organisms share identical chemical structure. They disagree solely within the ester sequence among that identical overall structure.

Non-Surgical Aesthetic Procedures

Methodologies that don't require your plastic specialist to make an entry point or to expel tissue are non-obtrusive or non-careful restorative medications. Non-careful tasteful techniques comprise of injectable dermal fillers and poisons to full thin lips, improve shallow forms, cause milder facial wrinkles, to kill wrinkles likewise upgrade the presence of recessed scars. There are additionally laser techniques to smooth away knocks, age spots just as scars.

Dermal Fillers

Tissue Lifting

Hair Removal

Laser Treatment

Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a long term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and usually have sharp margins in which hair from the skin of mouth and nose may also become white. Most often the patches begin on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun and are more noticeable in people with dark skin. Vitiligo may result in psychological stress. There is no known cure for vitiligo and for those with light skin sunscreen and makeup are typically recommended. Other treatment options may include steroid creams or phototherapy to darken the light patches.

Leprosy

Leprosy which is also known as Hansen’s disease is a long-term infection by the bacteria. At the beginning stage infections occur without any symptoms and these typically remain for 5 to 20 years. Leprosy is a contagious disease which spreads between people through a cough or contact with fluid from the nose of an infected person. Leprosy could be detected by acid-fast bacilli in a skin biopsy or by detecting the DNA which is curable with a treatment known as multidrug therapy. Although the number of new leprosy cases occurring each year is important as a measure of transmission, it is difficult to measure due to leprosy's long incubation period, delays in diagnosis after once the disease is attacked, and the lack of laboratory tools to detect it in the very early stages. Multidrug therapy (MDT) remains highly effective and people could not be infected after the first monthly dose.

Stem Cell Therapy on Skin

Skin stem cells are involved in the process of skin repair. Stem/progenitor cells of the epidermis are recognized to play the most essential role in the tissue regeneration of skin. Among all the distinct skin stem cell subgroups, epidermal stem cells are the ones most deeply correlated to tissue repair and skin regeneration. "Stem cells of human beings have enormous capacity to repair and replenish old worn out cells. When these cells are introduced in the facial skin and other areas, they can yield great results. Sagging skin gets replaced with firm and bouncy skin in no time. We have seen that fine lines, age spots, wrinkles, start diminishing and in some cases the signs eventually disappear. Most epidermal stem cells reside in the basal layer of epidermis, some might also be found in the bulge region of the hair follicle and the base of the sebaceous glands.

Common Skin Problems

Acne is the most common skin condition, but it's usually the least severe. Others can be equally embarrassing and some can even be life-threatening. Because skin is the largest body organ, the effects of its disorders are as psychological as they are physical. Acne, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, skin cancer and psoriasis are the five most common skin disorders.

Autoimmune Diseases of Skin

Autoimmune diseases are a type of condition in which the body’s immune system begins to attack and terminate healthy cells and tissues within the body. The underlying cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully known. Many autoimmune diseases affect the skin: noticeably changing coloring, moisture and photosensitivity.

There are many different types of skin-related autoimmune disorders, including scleroderma, psoriasis, dermatomyositis, epidermolysis bullosa, and bullous pemphigoid.

Drug Allergy

Drug allergies are a set of symptoms caused by an allergic reaction to a drug. A drug allergy encompasses an immune response in the body that develops an allergic reaction to a medicine. If you develop a rash, hives or difficulty breathing after taking certain medications, you may have a drug allergy. As with other allergic reactions, these symptoms of drug allergy can occur when your body’s immune system becomes sensitive to a substance in the medication, identifies it as a foreign invader and releases chemicals to defend against it.

Pediatric Allergy Asthma & Immunology

Allergies are among the most common conditions affecting children. Child’s immune system fights against infections. If a child has allergies, their immune system wrongly reacts to things that are usually harmless. Pet dander, pollen, dust, mold spores, insect stings, food, and medications are examples of such things. This reaction may cause their body to reciprocate with health problems such as asthma, hay fever, hives, eczema (a rash), or a very severe and unusual reaction called anaphylaxis.

Infection and Allergy

Infection occurs when organism is attacked by disease causing agent, they multiply in the host body & produce toxins. Infection may remain localised or it can be spread through blood or lymphatic vessels to overall body. Infections are caused by infectious agents like virus, viroids, bacteria, prions etc. Host body fights infections by provoking immune system. Infections can be treated by medications like antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals etc.