Longdom Conferences

Speaker

Oct 17-18, 2022    London, UK
3rd International Conference on

Sports Medicine-Fitness and Physiotherapy

Karoline Abdalaziz

Karoline Abdalaziz

Egypt

Title: Molecular aspects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in cardiovascular pathology

Abstract:

Cardiovascular diseases are the most leading reasons for mortality worldwide. In the past few years, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its donors have been strongly emerged and suggested as promising therapeutic agents in cardiovascular disease, due to their ability to reverse a wide spectrum of pathophysiological processes. Since, H2S and its donors have established their role as vasodilatory, neuromodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. However, the interference of H2S with the other biological molecules during the pathophysiological conditions, particularly in cardiac failure represents an enigma and still unclear. For instance, it is beyond debate that the interaction of H2S and NO is controversial. We discuss the cardiovascular protective properties of H2S, the interference and cross-talk between H2S and NO, along with its interference with the other mediators under normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we demonstrate the rational and underlying mechanisms for its cardiovascular protective role against the development of cardiovascular diseases, including systemic and pulmonary hypertension; hypoxia in carotid bodies; periadventitial vasorelaxation; cardiac injury induced by ischemia, oxidative stress, and CaMKII. Furthermore, the molecular and possible mechanisms for the progression of atherosclerosis, and the anti- atherosclerotic role of H2S were discussed.

 

Core tips:  Despite that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its donors being considered promising therapeutic agents in cardiovascular protection, a wide spectrum of reviews and meta-analyses have been focused on their potent anti-hypertensive effect. However, little is known about their cardiovascular protective effect, whether at normal and or the pathological conditions. Our objective is to provide a bi-lateral vision on their performance at normal and pathological sets to understand the possible molecular targets, which H2S and its donors are affecting them that in turn, can help us to define the key factors for the effective treatment for cardiac and vascular diseases.

Biography:

Professor Karoline is a former Dean of the faculty of Science (2014-2017) at Damanhour University. Currently, she worked as the Head of Zoology Department. Since 2012 she worked as a professor of Physiology in her institute. She has a wide experience in the applied and translational research in physiology and immunology. 1n 1995 she had earned the PhD at Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, and Harvard University, U.S.A. (Channel System Program). In 2016 she had selected as one of expertise in the field by the Scientific and practical expertise in the science necessary measurements for science and engineering projects Albeira Governorate in

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SPORTS MEDICINE NEWS AND RESEARCH

2022-09-22 - 2022-09

Regular moderate-intensity exercise may reduce risk of COVID-19 infection and severity Regular physical activity is linked to a lower risk of COVID-19 infection and severity, including hospital admission and death, finds a pooled data analysis of the available evidence, published online in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. A weekly tally of 150 minutes of moderate intensity, or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity, physical activity seems to afford the best protection, the analysis suggests. Previous research suggests that physical activity can lessen both the risk of infection and the severity of respiratory infections due, at least in part, to its ability to bolster the immune system. The link between regular physical activity and COVID-19 severity is poorly understood, but probably involves both metabolic and environmental factors, say the researchers, who set out to try and quantify the threshold of physical activity that might be needed to lessen the risks of infection and associated hospital admission and death. They searched 3 major research databases for relevant studies published between November 2019 and March 2022, and from an initial haul of 291, pooled the results of 16. The studies included a total of 1,853,610 adults, just over half of whom (54%) were women. The average age of participants was 53. Most of the studies were observational and were carried out in South Korea, England, Iran, Canada, the UK, Spain, Brazil, Palestine, South Africa and Sweden. The pooled data analysis showed that, overall, those who included regular physical activity in their weekly routine had an 11% lower risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. They also had a 36% lower risk of hospital admission, a 44% lower risk of severe COVID-19 illness, and a 43% lower risk of death from COVID-19 than their physically inactive peers. The maximum protective effect occurred at around 500 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) minutes a week, after which there were no further improvements. METS express the amount of energy (calories) expended per minute of physical activity, and 500 of them are the equivalent of 150 minutes of moderate intensity, or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity, physical activity. The researchers caution that the analysis included observational studies, differing study designs, subjective assessments of physical activity levels, and concerned only the Beta and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 rather than Omicron, all of which may weaken the findings. But there are plausible biological explanations for what they found, they say. Regular moderate-intensity exercise may help to boost the body's anti-inflammatory responses, as well as cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, all of which may explain its beneficial effects on COVID-19 severity, they suggest. They conclude: "Our findings highlight the protective effects of engaging in sufficient physical activity as a public health strategy, with potential benefits t

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