Title: Ethical Haressment in ICU Workplaces

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine to what extent, healthcare practitioners in ICU worry about Workplace bullying (WPB)  and whether it affects the quality of care and patient safety from their perception.

The behaviors of individuals as well as some elements of their personality emerge the phenomenon and contribute to it becoming more intense. Interventions, therefore aim to change perceptions, attitudes and behaviors, ie the way in which individuals perceive and approach their work.They should also aim to educate individuals so that they respect the personality and accept the diversity of their colleagues, resist manipulation, respect themselves and dare to do self-criticism. For this reason, it should investigate the reasons that cause it in a workplace and review those characteristics of the organization's functioning that directly or indirectly favor its existence. Researches have highlighted the positive effects of replacing authoritarian management and regular confrontation with employees with a form of management based on the principles of cooperation, meritocracy and practical interest in the needs of individuals and the team as a whole.

The intervention of competent bodies in the ICU and in every professional sector of the hospital is considered necessary to address the problem, as individual solutions usually lead to the victim's submission or removal or leaving the perpetrator in the workplace and the continuation of unacceptable behavior of. Such solutions succeed in protecting the victim, but fail in the administration of justice.

Title: Malpractice in the intensive care unit

Abstract:

Error in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a well-documented and frequent problem. This is understandable as one looks at the complexities of serious disease along with the number of invasive and potentially harmful procedures that are commonly used there. Until recently, allegations of medical malpractice resulting from suspected mismanagement in the ICU were unusual, but there has been a rise the last years.

It is difficult to determine whether the increase in lawsuits is due to a real increase in adverse incidents or to a shift in media perception. There is no question that the aggressive cover-up by law companies dealing in personal injury lawsuits offering to initiate claims on a contingency fee basis has become more common. The Medical Protection Society is experiencing an increasing number of claims generally, and the value of damages awarded is skyrocketing.

This includes the insufficient number of ICU beds in the public sector and the acute lack of appropriate nurses in both the public and private sectors. More troubling are the obstacles faced by nurses to apply for critical care and the limited number of critical care nurses graduating. Coupled with a high rate of turnover due to burn-out and greater work openings in other industries and overseas, this leads to a situation where even private ICUs fail to staff their units and retain standards. The mixture of high bed occupancy, chronically ill patients and novice nurses provides the ideal atmosphere for errors and incidents that can lead to lawsuits for damages. The condition is not any different on the medical side. The quality of treatment is that critically ill patients should be treated in ICUs by a team of health providers headed by critical care practitioners with specialty in Intensive Care. Not only surgeons, internists or anesthesiologists without specialization in Intensive Care, which they close holes in the gaps of the health system and do not have the proper education. We are all accustomed to thinking in terms of our primary specialty but this carries many risks. Intensive care training offers the skill to treat the patient comprehensively and systematically, something very important in patients of ICU. Although, we have to mention that there were few unexpected variations in malpractice claims occurring in ICU because of specific medical specialty. Preventive efforts should concentrate on procedures, regardless of the medical specialty, including: 1) retaining procedural skills, 2) well-framing of procedural hazards, and 3) adequately describing post-procedural complications. Skills that are either innate or can be developed through ICU specialization training.

While critically ill patients in the private sector are frequently handled by separate and not suitable always, physicians, these doctors prefer to see the patient at different times of the day, give contradictory orders, and make their own private records. There is no team work usually.