Pediatrics is the main branch of medicine that deals with the medical supervision of children, infants, and adolescents. A pediatrician is a child's physician who produces preventive health preservation for healthy children and medical supervision for children who are acutely or chronically ill. Pediatricians hold the mental, physical, and emotional well-being of their patients, in every phase of development in good health or in illness. They also are tangled with the prevention, early detection, and dealing of other problems that influence children and adolescents.

The aim of the study of pediatric medicine is to cut back baby and kid rate of deaths, management the unfold of communicable disease, promote healthy lifestyles for a protracted disease-free life and facilitate ease the issues of youngsters and adolescents. It are often acknowledged that this may be reached by learning the most important and first subject on General pediatric medicine.

Neonatology may be a subspecialty of pediatric medicine that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, particularly premature newborn. it's a hospital-based specialty and is sometimes practiced in infant medical care units (NICUs). Neonatologist is trained notably to handle the foremost advanced and speculative things. Perinatology may be a sub-branch of tocology. it's meant for mother-fetus at over traditional risk. It deals with the complications in kid development throughout physiological condition. It starts at twentieth to twenty eighth week of gestation and ends one to four weeks when birth. obstetrician work terribly closely with neonatologist when a child’s birth. Perinatologists assist in complications like pre-existing health issues and complications caused by physiological condition.

For a newborn baby, mother’s milk is that the best nutrition that he will get. Hence, breastfeeding becomes a crucial a part of the diet for the child’s correct growth. Mother’s milk has such nutrition that even the baby food fed as a supplement to mother’s milk cannot give. Even still breastfeeding is usually recommended up to six months older. once half dozen-24 months they have to be fed with “complementary food” since once 6 months older, the milk alone isn't sufficient for the kid. deficiency disease because of negligence to diet throughout this era of growth will be terribly tough to reverse. the dearth of complementary feeding is that the major reason for high rates of underneath-nutrition in youngsters under five years older.

Birth of a baby at or fewer than 37 weeks of gestation age and are known as preemies or premmies. Though the accurate reason of preterm birth is unknown, some of the risk factors include, diabetes, high blood pressure, being pregnant with more than one baby, vaginal infection, and psychological stress, tobacco smoking, obese or underweight. Babies born before 25 weeks of gestation age do not survive. Even if they do, they do with neural impairment for life. In case of a premature birth, the baby is kept in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) if the baby’s health is critically unstable.

A pediatric hematologist specialist treats the diseases associated with blood and cancer in neonates and adolescents through to adulthood. Hematologists not solely cope with blood connected malady however conjointly with blood process organs too like spleen, bone marrow, etc. They treat cancers together with lymphomas, brain tumors, leukemia, bone growth and solid growth. They conjointly treat blood connected malady like disorders in WBCs, RBCs and platelets. the wants of youngsters or teens square measure totally different from that of adults. Since they're growing, the requirement special care. Since they're immature, they forever cannot answer medical queries and square measure impatient and non-cooperative. thence such individuals knowledge to cope with such patients. Pediatric Cardiologists treat non heritable internal organ and abnormalities. They not solely treat neonates and fetuses however conjointly adolescents and young adults.

Pediatric surgery is specialization in surgery involving youngsters, infants, adolescents and young adults. they often handle birth defects and surgeries needed for nonheritable malformation, angioma, inflammatory disease, ball etc. medical specialty surgery has subspeciality which has, babe surgery and craniate surgery. medical specialty surgery needs additional coaching throughout residency and fellowship. different sorts of surgeries embrace medical specialty cardiothoracic, medical specialty nephrological surgery, medical specialty surgical operation, medical specialty urological surgery and medical specialty medical specialty surgery etc. Common medical specialty diseases that need surgery area unit nonheritable malformation like necrotizing enterocolotis, congenital defect and roof of the mouth, wall defects like hernias, gastroschisis, chest wall deformties like thorax excavatum, separation of conjoint twins, childhood tumors like malignant tumor, wills neoplasm, liver neoplasm, etc.

Pediatric Critical Care deals with children who are seriously ill and in unstable condition and need immediate attention and cure to live. The unstable condition may include severe asthma, deep diabetic ketoacidosis, infections like pneumonia, and serious injuries from accidents like cares, bicycles, skateboard or rollerblades or near drowning. In case if the child is critically ill and requires careful monitoring, he is placed in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). There the pediatric critical care doctors work in close with the PICU nurses and doctors to stabilize the condition of the child. Emergency medicine deals with the immediate condition of the patient, his seriousness of injury and how to stabilize his condition. These medicines are targeted towards improving the current unstable condition of the patient and they are generally not given for long term. Emergency medicine for Pediatric also is a different section of emergency medicine which deals with kids, neonates and adolescents. Since from the age of 0-18 years, the body keeps growing and especially in the period of 0-5 years the neonate cannot be treated as a “small adults”, special care has to be taken when treating them under emergency conditions.

Physical health is a crucial facet of any child’s life. The symptoms of being physically unfit or well is well noticed and treated. in contrast to physical health, mental state and therefore the issues associated with it's typically neglected. If a baby behaves during an aggressive approach or isn't behaving in a approach a baby ought to, he's typically shunned and maltreated. Any kid World Health Organization doesn't match into the social group norms of being traditional is commonly hangdog. If Associate in Nursing overweight kid is excited regarding his weight, he can socially withdraw. He would be reluctant to create friends, exercise or participate in any group action. this can lead low vanity, depression and low levels of confidence within the kid. this can not solely hamper his performance in class however conjointly take a toll on his physical health. kids with mental disorders typically take the road to drug abuse. a baby with Associate in Nursing abusive father reception typically incorporates a troubled adulthood. By the time his identification regarding the mental state is completed, he doesn’t have comfortable cash to purchase his treatment.