Gynaecological surgery refers to surgery on the female reproductive system. Gynaecological surgery is usually performed by gynaecologists. It includes procedures for benign conditions, cancer, infertility, and incontinence. Gynaecological surgery may occasionally be performed for elective or cosmetic purposes. Gynaecological surgery is presently developing every surgical intercession relating to ladies wellbeing, including Urogynaecology, oncology and fetal surgery

A woman's reproductive system is a delicate and complex system in the body.Good preconception health is important for every woman―not just those planning pregnancy. It means taking control and choosing healthy habits. It means living well, being healthy, and feeling good about your life. Unique health issues include pregnancy, menopause, and conditions of the female organs. Women can have a healthy pregnancy by getting proper, early and regular prenatal care.

Fetal surgery also known as fetal reconstructive surgery, antenatal surgery, prenatal surgery, is a growing branch of maternal-fetal medicine that covers any of a broad range of surgical techniques that are used to treat birth defects in fetuses who are still in the pregnant uterus. There are three main types: open fetal surgery, which involves completely opening the uterus to operate on the fetus; minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery, which uses small incisions and is guided by fetoscopy and sonography; and percutaneous fetal therapy, which involves placing a catheter under continuous ultrasound guidance. Fetal intervention is relatively new. Advancing technologies allow earlier and more accurate diagnosis of diseases and congenital problems in a fetus.

The fetal brain begins to develop during the third week of gestation. Neural progenitor cells begin to divide and differentiate into neurons and glia, the two cell types that form the basis of the nervous system. By the ninth week, the brain appears as a small, smooth structure. Fetal brain development has a long-lasting effect on your baby’s personality. The brain grows at a remarkably rapid rate. By the end of the third week of gestation, the embryo has formed the three parts of the brain (the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain). One week later, the brain begins functioning. 

Caesarean section can be a lifesaving procedure in some circumstances.  Other advantages of a planned caesarean section compared with a spontaneous vaginal birth include reduced risk of labour-related morbidities for the baby and reduced risk of vaginal injuries for the mother. It is also associated with a reduced long-term risk of pelvic floor disorders, such as stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse although pregnancy itself is a risk factor for these and caesarean section may not protect against them.