Good sexual and reproductive health may be a state of physical, mental and social well-being altogether matters concerning the genital system. It implies that individuals are ready to have a satisfying and sexual activity life, the potential to breed, and therefore the freedom to make a decision if, when, and the way often to try to. One’s sexual and reproductive health, individuals want to access to accurate information and therefore the safe, effective, affordable and acceptable contraception method of their choice. They’re going to be told and empowered to guard themselves from sexually transmitted infections. And once they plan to have children, women must have access to services which will help them have a fit pregnancy, safe delivery and healthy baby. Every individual has the proper to form their own choices about their sexual and reproductive health. UNFPA, in conjunction with partners, works towards the universal access to sexual and reproductive health and rights and also birth control.

Maternal-fetal medicine may be a vast topic and is professional in Gynecology and therefore the Number of Research institutes performing on the Maternal-fetal medicine are approximately 33 or more and also as some universities which are giving training to women to be Professionals in Maternal-fetal medicine , total number of universities offering this promising topic are approximately 160 performing on Maternal-fetal medicine and there's also a funding of around $30000- $50000 and Academia 30% , 20% industry et al. 50% are included during this topic. Maternal–fetal medicine specialists are specialists within the sector of obstetrics. They’ll perform prenatal tests, provide treatments, and perform surgeries. After birth, they'll work closely with pediatricians or neonatologists. Perinatologist assist with pre-existing health concerns and complications caused by pregnancy in mothers. Obstetrician-gynecologists who undergo a further 3 years of specialized training within the assessment and management of high-risk pregnancies are called Maternal–fetal medicine specialists.

A midwife may be a professional in midwifery. Midwifery is that health science and therefore the profession concerned with pregnancy, childbirth, and therefore the postpartum period, besides sexual and reproductive health of girls throughout their lives. The particular duties of the midwife are mainly to help within the birthing process. It’s said that the rates of obstetrical intervention in birth are rising worldwide. For instance, national cesarean rates in Taiwan, China, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Puerto Rico are between 40 and 50 percent. Within us, the cesarean rate has risen since the first 2000s from 23 percent to 29.1 percent; most European countries, Canada, and Australia have cesarean rates within the mid-20 percent range. Although professional midwives attend the bulk of births in a number of these countries, they're bio medically socialized and sometimes overworked, and are unable to stem the rising cesarean tide, which is essentially obstetrician-driven.

Assisted reproductive technology is employed to realize pregnancy artificially. Assisted reproductive technology includes procedures namely fertility medication, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogacy. ART is primarily utilized in treating infertility among couples. It belongs mainly to the sector of reproductive endocrinology and infertility. The techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation, embryo transfer, assisted zona hatching, autologous endometrial co-culture, zygote intrafallopian transfer, cytoplasmic transfer, egg donors, sperm donors, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, emryo splitting, GIFT, ZIFT, sex selection and surgical sperm retrival are included in this. Of these methods are being widely used as problems of infertility are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. While a number of these methods are safe but majority of them is harmful to the fetus because the babies are born with some quite birth defects or genetic defects. ART also carries the danger of heterotopic pregnancy. In IVF and ICSI babies are born with low birth weight, decreased expression of proteins in energy metabolism, visual defect and spastic paralysis. An ART procedure within us has doubled within the last 10years with the value starting from $2,000 to $30,000. ART procedures should be only performed after examine the medical condition of the couple. Many a times ART proves to be harmful to both the mother and child.