Interventional Cardiology can be defined as an area of medicine within the subspecialty of flow and pressure in the coronary arteries and chambers of the heart, as well as technical procedures and medications to treat abnormalities that impair the function of the cardiovascular system. It deals specifically with the catheter-based treatment of heart diseases.

Pediatric cardiology deals with diseases of the heart in the growing and developing individual. As well as expertise in heart disease  pediatric cardiologists also need thorough training in general paediatrics, in order to provide all-round patient care. The initial valuation performed by the paediatric cardiologist might start with a physical examination using a stethoscope, after which more detailed investigations may be suggested.

Structural heart disease also, known as the problem with the tissues or valves of the heart and most of the structural heart diseases are genetic, which means present at birth. Some structural heart disease will develop later in life. There are many kinds of structural heart diseases, but they all involve a defect or disorder in the structure of the heart tissue or valves. Heart conditions that fall in the category of structural heart disease include, Aortic valve stenosis, Atrial septal defect and Patent foramen ovale, Heart valve disease, Mitral valve regurgitation, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Cardiomyopathy, Marfan syndrome and Myocarditis etc.

Cardiac-sonography or echocardiography is the use of ultrasound to examine the heart's chambers, walls, valves and vessels. Mostly use of technology such as sophisticated diagnostic ultrasound imaging machines and transducers that use high-frequency sessions to produce dynamic visual images to complete important tasks, such as:

• Acquiring information related to the heart's anatomy and physiology
• Producing real-time images of cardiac structures to assist the physician in diagnosing cardiovascular disease
• Evaluating acquired and congenital cardiac abnormalities and associated complications
• Evaluating narrowed or leaking heart valves
• Looking for causes of murmurs, chest pain, shortness of br

Heart Failure inability of the heart to keep up with the demands on it and, specifically, failure of the heart to pump blood with normal efficiency. When this occurs, the heart is unable to provide adequate blood flow to other organs such as the brain, liver and kidneys. Heart failure may be due to failure of the right or left or both ventricles. The signs and symptoms depend upon which side of the heart is failing. They can include shortness of breath (dyspnea), asthma due to the heart (cardiac asthma), pooling of blood (stasis) in the general body (systemic) circulation or in the liver's (portal) circulation, swelling (edema), blueness or duskiness (cyanosis), and enlargement (hypertrophy) of the heart.

The term heart disease refers to several types of heart conditions, including coronary artery disease and heart attack. Although heart disease is sometimes thought of as a man’s disease, almost as many women as men die each year of heart disease in the United States. Despite increases in awareness over the past decades, only about half (56%) of women recognize that heart disease is their number 1 killer.

Learn more facts about women and heart disease:

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women in the United States, killing 299,578 women in 2017—or about 1 in every 5 female deaths.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for African American and white women in the United States. Among American Indian and Alaska Native women, heart disease and cancer cause roughly the same number of deaths each year. For Hispanic and Asian or Pacific Islander women, heart disease is second only to cancer as a cause of death.

About 1 in 16 women age 20 and older (6.2%) have coronary heart disease, the most common type of heart disease:4

About 1 in 16 white women (6.1%), black women (6.5%), and Hispanic women (6%)

About 1 in 30 Asian women (3.2%)

A surgical procedure that is performed to resolve a health concern related to the heart is called a heart surgery or a heart operation. Heart surgery may involve:

•             Correcting damage in the heart, either congenital (such as a hole in the heart) or acquired
•             Repairing heart valves that control the flow of blood to and from the heart and maintain blood pressure
•             A procedure to implant a device in the heart such as a stent to stabilize and normalize heart function is a more common cardiac surgery
•             A heart transplant where a healthy heart from a donor replaces a damaged heart in a recipient