Stress fractures happen when an area of bone endures excessive and repetitive force.Certain repetitive activities, such as walking and running, can cause microscopic cracks, or microfractures, to develop in the bone. Ordinarily, the body can repair these microfractures.However, sometimes the body is unable to maintain the rate of repair required to keep up with the stress on the foot. When this happens, microfractures can develop into a stress fracture.

A person can have elevated uric acid levels without any outward symptoms. While individuals do not need treatment at this stage, high uric acid levels in the blood can causeTrusted Source silent tissue damage.As a result, a doctor may advise a person with high uric acid levels to address factors possibly contributing to its buildup.

This stage is the period in between attacks of acute gout. As a person’s gout progresses, these intervals become shorter. Between these periods, urate crystals may continue to build up in tissue.

Renal insufficiency and other kidney conditions can reduce the body’s ability to remove waste, leading to elevated uric acid levels. Other conditions associated with gout include high blood pressure and diabetes.

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that fuses together adjoining vertebrae of the spine. This procedure allows the vertebrae to heal into a single, solid mass of bone.An orthopedic spine surgeon may perform a spinal fusion for a number of back and neck problems, including injuries to the vertebrae or intervertebral disks and scoliosis.

Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons diagnose, treat, and manage children's musculoskeletal problems, such as: Limb and spine deformities noted at birth or later in life (clubfoot, scoliosis, limb length differences) Gait abnormalities (limping) Broken bones.

Orthopedic oncology is a specialized field of medicine focused on the treatment of tumors and cancers that affect the bones, cartilage, fibrous tissues, muscles, nervous tissues, soft tissues, and vessels.