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Scientific program

July 26, 2021    London, UK

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Pediatrics Critical Care and Emergency Medicine

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Exposure to greenspace linked to lower risk for pediatric-onset IBD

2021-03-01 - 2021-03

Michael Elten, from the University of Ottawa in Ontario, Canada, and colleagues conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked population-based health administrative and environmental data sets. A total of 2,715,318 mother-infant pairs from hospital births in Ontario between April 1, 1991, and March 31, 2014, were included. Exposure to residential greenspace was measured, and the potential associations between residential greenspace and risk for developing IBD before age 18 years were examined. During follow-up, there were 3,444 IBD diagnoses. The researchers observed an association between a lower risk for developing pediatric-onset IBD and an increase in the interquartile range of residential greenspace (hazard ratio, 0.77). This association was significant for ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease (hazard ratios, 0.72 and 0.81, respectively). Across increasing quartiles of greenspace, there was a linear dose response. No consistent association was seen between maternal intrapartum greenspace exposure and pediatric-onset IBD. "Greenspace is an emerging area in environmental health research, and this study is the first to investigate and report its protective effect with IBD," the authors write.

More than 80 percent of all infant deaths in Zambian cohort experienced delays in receiving care by Boston University School of Medicine

2021-03-04 - 2021-03

Children in Zambia under age 5 die at a rate that is between nearly six to more than 10 times higher than those in the U.S; it is estimated at 40-75 per 1000, compared to 6.98 per 1000. Identifying why these children are dying is the mission of Rotem Lapidot, MD, assistant professor of pediatrics at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM). "Significantly, over 80 percent of all community infant deaths involved some form of delay. While it is impossible to know what would have occurred in the absence of such delays, the majority of infant deaths in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia, are from causes for which effective treatments currently exist," explained Lapidot, the corresponding author on the study that appeared online in the journal Pediatrics. A significant number of infants die in the community and are referred to as "brought in dead" (BID). There are limited data around the problem of infant community deaths and identifying the circumstances surrounding them is critical to reduce infant mortality rates.

First detailed insight into newborn babies' lungs at birth

2021-03-04 - 2021-03

Researchers have captured the first detailed images of newborn babies' lungs as they take their first breaths. The research, led by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI) and published the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, provides a breakthrough in understanding the events around a baby's first breath, why healthy babies cry at birth and provides clues to improving preterm babies' survival chances and long term health outcomes.

Hassles with child car seats linked to unsafe child passenger behaviors

2021-03-04 - 2021-03

Parents who reported more hassles using a child car seat or booster seat—such as the child is uncomfortable or having to make multiple trips in a day—were less likely to follow recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) on child passenger safety, according to a study published in the journal Academic Pediatrics. Researchers obtained information about transportation safety behaviors and 20 hassles when using child car seats among 238 socioeconomically and racially diverse parents of children 1 to 10 years of age. Eighty percent of parents reported at least a little bit of a problem with one or more of the hassles. On average, parents had a problem with five of the hassles. Parents who were not following the AAP recommendations indicated the hassles were bigger problems.

Child abuse surges in times of crisis—the pandemic may be different

2021-03-04 - 2021-03

While natural disasters and economic recessions traditionally unleash an uptick in child abuse, a new study suggests that cases may have declined in the first months of the pandemic, compared with the same timeframe in previous years. In the study, led by UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals and Children's Mercy Kansas City, researchers tracked the number of pediatric inpatients ages 5 and under in 52 children's hospitals nationwide for the first eight months of 2020. They found a steep decline in the number of ER visits and hospital admissions, including those requiring treatment for physical abuse. This started in mid-March—around the time some states issued shelter-in-place orders—according to the study, which publishes March 1, 2021, in Pediatrics.While natural disasters and economic recessions traditionally unleash an uptick in child abuse, a new study suggests that cases may have declined in the first months of the pandemic, compared with the same timeframe in previous years. In the study, led by UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals and Children's Mercy Kansas City, researchers tracked the number of pediatric inpatients ages 5 and under in 52 children's hospitals nationwide for the first eight months of 2020. They found a steep decline in the number of ER visits and hospital admissions, including those requiring treatment for physical abuse. This started in mid-March—around the time some states issued shelter-in-place orders—according to the study, which publishes March 1, 2021, in Pediatrics.

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