Pediatric provides the nursing care to children of all ages suffering from acute and chronic medical and surgical conditions. Nurses are profiled in several acute care departments, surgery wards and intensive care units. It is seen that nurses provide health care needs of all common disorders and educate the patients and their families to develop the quality of life. As per recent surveys, number of child deaths is increasing every year due to lack of advanced health care equipment. Hence Medical Practitioners and nurses are in the front line to reduce the death rates around the world.

The main point of studying General pediatrics is to reduce newborn child and infant deaths, control the spread of irresistible sickness, advanced disease free quality of life and help facilitate the problems of children and adolescents. Doctors are also involved with the prevention, early detection, and management of other problems like behavioural difficulties, developmental disorders, genetic disorders, functional problems, social stresses and depression or anxiety disorders. Significant efforts should be made to improve the physical well-being of the children.

Pediatric Nurses are aimed to deal with the nutritional needs of children and young people. Children’s physical and mental growth mainly depends on the vitamin and nutritional supplements during their young age. Patients frequently experience lack of appetite which can be aggravated by nausea and vomiting, microsites, stomatitis, taste changes, constipation, diarrhoea, pain, fatigue and metabolic abnormalities. The emotional effect of diagnosis and treatment may also end in psychological factors such as depression, fatigue or anxiety which can hinder by dietary intake. Child friendly food provision, protected food meal times are the better ways in coping the nutritional needs of children. Poor nutrition leads to weight gain as well.  Hence child nutrition has become prominent in refining the wellness of the child.

Pediatric Nephrology specifically addresses the need of children who have been diagnosed with kidney Abnormalities. Nephrology nurse primarily deals with the patient care of kidney disease. Nephrology nursing also involves in preventing disease and assessing the health care needs of patients and families. As per American Nephrology Nurses Association, the chronic kidney Disease (CKD) patients are doubled in the last two decades in United States. One of the major parts in kidney disorder is to treat Dialysis. In the event, the patient had a severe kidney disease; Nurse may facilitate their dialysis, explore health needs while waiting for a kidney transplant, and generally endeavour to enhance the quality of life. Statistics say that approximately 27 million adults in U.S. suffer from CKD and that millions more are at risk.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry or Pediatric Psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry that emphases on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents, and their families. Bio-psychosocial factors are explored which influence the development of these psychiatric disorders and treatment levels in different interventions. Various disorders may include psychotic, attention and behaviour, mood, anxiety, eating, gender identity and developmental ailments. Nursing care is involved in various stages since the initiation of the treatment until the ailment is normalized. Nurse should be well knowledge in identifying the behaviour of children and changing the treatment procedure as per their development. Child psychiatry has become the prominent field in the society to decrease the child mortality rate.

Pediatric Neurology is the study of child abnormalities in the nervous system. Neurology nurse is capable of dealing with health care needs of conditions and diseases related to central and peripheral nervous system. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the brain disorder of neurodevelopmental type characterized by paying inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity behaviour in children. It affects during teen age then continues to adulthood and persists for lifelong. ADHD is characterized by anxiety, difficulty in concentration, excessive motor activity, burst out answers and feeling restlessness. It is caused by different factors like Genes and heredity, differences in the brain, environmental factors and brain injuries.