Pediatrics is the main branch of medicine that deals with the medical supervision of children, infants, and adolescents. A pediatrician is a child's physician who produces preventive health preservation for healthy children and medical supervision for children who are acutely or chronically ill. Pediatricians hold the mental, physical, and emotional well-being of their patients, in every phase of development in good health or in illness. They also are tangled with the prevention, early detection, and dealing of other problems that influence children and adolescents.

Neonatology may be a subspecialty of pediatric medicine that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, particularly premature newborn. it's a hospital-based specialty and is sometimes practiced in infant medical care units (NICUs). Neonatologist is trained notably to handle the foremost advanced and speculative things. Perinatology may be a sub-branch of tocology. it's meant for mother-fetus at over traditional risk. It deals with the complications in kid development throughout physiological condition. It starts at twentieth to twenty eighth week of gestation and ends one to four weeks when birth. obstetrician work terribly closely with neonatologist when a child’s birth. Perinatologists assist in complications like pre-existing health issues and complications caused by physiological condition.

The brain is the command center of the human body. A newborn baby has all of the brain cells (neurons) they’ll have for the rest of their life, but it’s the connections between these cells that really make the brain work. Brain connections enable us to move, think, communicate and do just about everything. The early childhood years are crucial for making these connections. At least one million new neural connections (synapses) are made every second, more than at any other time in life.

The aim of the study of pediatric medicine is to cut back baby and kid rate of deaths, management the unfold of communicable disease, promote healthy lifestyles for a protracted disease-free life and facilitate ease the issues of youngsters and adolescents. It are often acknowledged that this may be reached by learning the most important and first subject on General pediatric medicine.

Birth of a baby at or fewer than 37 weeks of gestation age and are known as preemies or premmies. Though the accurate reason of preterm birth is unknown, some of the risk factors include, diabetes, high blood pressure, being pregnant with more than one baby, vaginal infection, and psychological stress, tobacco smoking, obese or underweight. Babies born before 25 weeks of gestation age do not survive. Even if they do, they do with neural impairment for life. In case of a premature birth, the baby is kept in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) if the baby’s health is critically unstable. If the conditions are somewhat better, the mother is asked to keep the baby warm through skin to skin contact. Breast feeding is a very crucial part for the child’s survival. Since in babies the lungs are the last organs to develop, they are given breathing support. Sometimes surfactants are used help the breathing process. Corticosteroids have also been helpful in maturation of the premature baby. Neonatal medical aid unit (NICU) may be a specialised ICU that takes care of premature babies.