Pediatrics is the main branch of medicine that deals with the medical supervision of children, infants, and adolescents. A pediatrician is a child's physician who produces preventive health preservation for healthy children and medical supervision for children who are acutely or chronically ill. Pediatricians hold the mental, physical, and emotional well-being of their patients, in every phase of development in good health or in illness. They also are tangled with the prevention, early detection, and dealing of other problems that influence children and adolescents.

Neonatology may be a subspecialty of pediatric medicine that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, particularly premature newborn. it's a hospital-based specialty and is sometimes practiced in infant medical care units (NICUs). Neonatologist is trained notably to handle the foremost advanced and speculative things. Perinatology may be a sub-branch of tocology. it's meant for mother-fetus at over traditional risk. It deals with the complications in kid development throughout physiological condition. It starts at twentieth to twenty eighth week of gestation and ends one to four weeks when birth. obstetrician work terribly closely with neonatologist when a child’s birth. Perinatologists assist in complications like pre-existing health issues and complications caused by physiological condition.

The brain is the command center of the human body. A newborn baby has all of the brain cells (neurons) they’ll have for the rest of their life, but it’s the connections between these cells that really make the brain work. Brain connections enable us to move, think, communicate and do just about everything. The early childhood years are crucial for making these connections. At least one million new neural connections (synapses) are made every second, more than at any other time in life.

Birth of a baby at or fewer than 37 weeks of gestation age and are Preterm-birth Complications and Neonatal Intensive Care nown as preemies or premmies. Though the accurate reason of preterm birth is unknown, some of the risk factors include, diabetes, high blood pressure, being pregnant with more than one baby, vaginal infection, and psychological stress, tobacco smoking, obese or underweight. Babies born before 25 weeks of gestation age do not survive. Even if they do, they do with neural impairment for life. In case of a premature birth, the baby is kept in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) if the baby’s health is critically unstable. If the conditions are somewhat better, the mother is asked to keep the baby warm through skin to skin contact. Breast feeding is a very crucial part for the child’s survival. Since in babies the lungs are the last organs to develop, they are given breathing support. 

A pediatric immunologist treats allergies and other immune system in children. In case of pediatric allergies, the most types of them are from pet dander, pollen dust, mold spores, dust, insect stings, food (e.g. peanut butter allergy). A pediatric allergist treats these unusual behaviors of a child’s immune system towards harmless particles. Such are the cases of hypersensitive immune system. In case a child’s immune system is not working properly, he may suffer from frequent and uncommon infections. Some of them are sinusitis, pneumonia, thrush and abscesses that keep coming back. Infectious diseases and immunology go hand in hand. A poor immune system leads to more susceptibility towards infectious diseases. Such infection include sinusitis (inflammation of one of the sinuses), thrush (a fungus infection in the mouth), pneumonia (infection of the lung), and abscesses (collection of the pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.