Petroleum Exploration involves three major types of exploration methods. Such as surface methods,involves geologic feature mapping, enabled by GIS and area surveys of gravity and magnetic fields, and seismographic methods. These methods indicate the presence or absence of subsurface features that are favourable for petroleum accumulations. U.S. petroleum flow, produces million barrels per day which incorporates unfinished oils,hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons and motor gasoline.

Petroleum geology refers to the specific set of geological disciplines that are concerned to the exploration of the hydrocarbons. Petroleum geology is principally concerned with the estimation of seven key elements in sedimentary basins source, reservoir, seal, trap, timing, maturation and migration. Petroleum economics comprise the application of the techniques of economic analysis at every stage in the evolution of oil and gas exploration and manufacturing projects. The economics of oil and gas projects are effected by a range of factors, including the level of knowledge about the oil or gas field.

Gas purification, incorporates the removal of vapor-phase impurities from gas streams. The processes which are developed to execute gas purification vary from simple once-through wash operations to complex multiple-step recycle systems. In many instances, the method complexities arise from the necessity for recovery of the impurity or reuse of the fabric employed to withdraw from it. Gas separation is operated by controlling (swinging) either temperature or pressure of adsorbate gas, temperature swing adsorption (TSA) and pressure swing adsorption (PSA).

Hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon fuels (gas, liquid, and solid) are one of the Earth's most important energy resources. Hydrocarbon mixtures are processed in refineries by distillation from natural gas petroleum and natural gas as well as by thermal cracking of higher boiling predominantly hydrocarbon fractions. Hydrocarbons are highly combustible and produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat when they are incinerated. Hence, hydrocarbons are highly essential as a source of fuel.

Drilling engineering is a branch of petroleum engineering that deals with drilling differing types of wells to access the reservoir using various techniques. In petroleum engineering, drilling fluid, also called drilling mud, is used to assist the drilling of boreholes into the earth. Used frequently while drilling oil and natural gas wells and on exploration drilling rigs, drilling fluids are also used for much simpler boreholes, like water wells. The drilling mud which is employed for a specific job is chosen to avoid formation damage and to limit corrosion during the method .