Plastic surgery is defined as a surgical specialty dedicated to reconstruction of facial and body defects due to birth disorders, trauma, burns, and disease. Plastic surgery is intended to correct dysfunctional areas of the body and is, by definition, reconstructive in nature. While many plastic surgeons choose to complete additional training and perform cosmetic surgery as well, the basis of their surgical training remains reconstructive plastic surgery. In fact, in 1999, the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons changed its name to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons to more strongly communicate the message that “plastic and reconstructive surgeons are one in the same.” Plastic Surgery can be mainly categorized into two such as reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive Surgery is where treatment or surgery is done to hand, craniofacial or the treatment to burns. Where As the cosmetic surgery is done to improve the appearance. These are techniques which are used all over the world.
Hand Surgery looks to re-establish the ordinary capacity of hands and fingers harmed by injury or irregularities that were present at birth. It is an extremely concentrated surgery which is performed to treat ailments that reason pain and impair the strength, function and flexibility of your wrist and fingers. Hand Surgery or popularly known as Chiroplasty is a term which is refers to surgery of hand. The word "Chir" means Hand and "plasty" means surgery. It deals with both surgical and non-surgical processes that take place in the hand. Hand surgery is practiced by graduates that pursue general surgery, orthopedic surgery and plastic surgery.
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Red Light Photodynamic Therapy
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Oral Sun Protection
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Removal of Cosmetic Lesions
Most surgeons who are specialists in Maxillofacial, Otorhinolaryngology and Plastic Surgeries use this Reconstructive Surgery to reconstruct neck, head and face after cancer. Reconstructive Surgery is to reconstruct and restore the damaged part of the body and it is carried out to reshape and rebuild the body parts which are affected by traumas, injury, birth defects, tumors, infections, diseases and developmental disorders. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, over 1 million reconstructive surgery procedures are performed each year.
Different types of Breast Surgeries are done such as Mammoplasty, Breast Reduction Surgery, Mastectomy and Breast Lift Surgery. After surgical intervention to the breast, complications may arise related to wound healing. Breast Augmentation Surgery increases or restores the breast size using silicone gel implants, Fat grafting, or saline implants. These surgeries are usually done after cancer lump removal or to restore breast volume that has been lost after weight reduction pregnancy.
Botox is a drug made from a neurotoxin obtained from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum known as botulinum toxin. It is used medically to remove wrinkles by temporarily paralyzing muscles and to cure certain muscular conditions.
How does botox work?
Botulinum toxin is known to be one of the most dangerous and poisonous substances to man. Scientists have been estimated that a one gram could kill up to one million people and a several kilos could kill every human in this world. In higher concentrations, botulinum toxin can lead to botulism, life-threatening illness which is found to be severe. Botulism, if not cured or treated, may result in death and respiratory failure. Inspite of botulinum toxin being so costly and highly toxic, Botox has a huge demand in market. It is used medically to remove wrinkles by temporarily paralyzing muscles and to cure certain muscular conditions. In order for muscles contraction, nerves signals a chemical messenger, known as acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter), where nerve endings meet muscle cells at the junction. The acetylcholine attaches to the receptors on the muscle cells and causes the muscle cells to contract or shorten. Injected botulinum toxin retards the release of acetylcholine, which prevents contraction of the muscle cells. The effect of the toxin causes a reduction in abnormal muscle contraction which allows the muscles which become less stiff.
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Microbial Toxins
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Cyanotoxins
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Alpha Toxins
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Anthrax Toxin